PS404 Core Assessment

MAKENZIE DENHAM

History of the Diagnosis of Mental Illness

1840-1880

15th-17th Centuries

1756-1773

6500 BC

400 BC

Greek Physicians rejected supernatural explanation of mental disorders. They attmepted to seperate superstition and religion from medicine

TrephinationEarliest example of supernatural ezplanation for mental illness. Holes were drilled into the skull to treat head injuries, epilepsy, and to allow "evil spirits" to escape

Inhumane TreatmentBlood-letting, gyrators, and tranquilizer chairs were still used in the Pennsylvania Hospital and the Williamsburg Hospital.

Establishing State HospitalsIn America, more than 30 locations were established across the US and Canada by Dix.

Witch HuntsWomen with mental illnesses or who acted "hysterical" were persecuted as witches who were possed

"Wandering Uterus"In Mesopotamia and Egypt the uterus was thought to be capable of dislodging and attaching to other parts of the body. Later was named "hysteria"

Europe Still Strugglesbetween somatogenic and psychogenic explanations, particularly dealing with "hysteria" because it sometimes resulted in ohysical symptoms

Asylumswere designed to house and confine the mentally ill, poor, homeless, unemployed, and criminal.

American AsylumsCompassionate care and physical labor became important to new American Asylums.

Supernatural theories dominated Europe, completely fueled by natural disasters like plagues and famines at the time.

11th-15th Centuries

16th Century

1817, 1821

18th-19th Centuries

1900 BC

MAKENZIE DENHAM

History of the Diagnosis of Mental Illness

18th-19th Centuries

1906

1856

20th Century

1886

Emil Kraeplin(and Sigmund Freud) were born. These two are similar in their contribution to psychology but completely different in their approach.

KraeplinAnother text, important to the study of pyshcology, "Lectures on Critical Psychology" was published.

Change BeganChiarughi removed chains from his patients in Italy. Pinel and Pussin encouraged better conditions

Kraeplinhad his first lecture at the Univeristy of Dorpat as elected Chair of Psychology.

Psychoanalysisbecame the dominant psychogenic treatment for mental illness in the early 20th century

Dementia PraecoxKraeplin differentiated between "dementia praecox" and "manic depression", which was renamed to Schizophrenia.

Humanitarian ViewProtest arose over the conditions of Asylums in Europe. Kraeplin spoke out against this inhumane treatment.

Kraeplinpublished his first textbook "Physchiatrie" and was followed by revisions of the text.

Founded The Department of Psychiatry at Munich University

Influenced by WundtKraeplin worked with Wilhelm Wundt in his laboratory in Leipzig.

1874

1911

1887

1903

18th-19th Centuries

MAKENZIE DENHAM

History of the Diagnosis of Mental Illness

1987, 1994

1952, 1968

1912

1917

1906+

KraeplinAided in the beginning plans to establish a centre for research in Munich.

DSM- IThe first publication of the DSM was released. DSM- II The second publication of the DSM was released.

Alzheimer's dementia was studied, by Alois Alzheimer, in Kraeplin's laboratory at Munich University.

DSM- IIIThe third DSM installment was released. DSM- IV The fourth revision of the DSM was published.

German Institute for Psychiatric Researchwas founded in Munich with Kraeplin's help.

DSM- V The fifth revision was released. DSM- V TR The most recent revision, the one still used today, was released.

WWIKraeplin's most problematic issue was his inability to generalize his findings in social and political contexts during WWI

"Clinical Psychology"was another text published by Kraeplin that was influential in the propellent of good clinical psychology.

Kraeplin's DeathEmil Kraeplin passed but his work still influenced clinical psychology for years to come.

Psychotropic medicineRestraints, electro-convulsive shock therpy, and lobotomies continued to be performed.

1915

1926

1970s

1914-1918

2000, 2013