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Evolution Human Health

Mario Chavez

Created on December 1, 2022

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Transcript

Evolving Pathogens

Virulence

Coincidental Evolution Hypothesis

The coincidental evolution hypothesis explains the evolution of virulence occurring due to a by-product of selection on other traits. For example, the toxin released by tetanus did not evolve while infecting a host. The toxin evolved as a result of its normal environment in the Earth’s soil.

Tetanus via Google Images

Shortsighted Evolution Hypothesis

The shortsighted evolution hypothesis states that traits which increase reproduction rate and transmissions to a new host will be favored. An important trait that can evolve in this hypothesis is the resistance to antibiotics.

Influenza via Google Images

Trade-off Hypothesis

The trade-off hypothesis is the most unique of the virulence evolution hypotheses. It states that pathogens tend to evolve by decreasing their virulence. This is in an effort to keep the host alive and healthy longer so the pathogen itself can survive and replicate.

COVID-19 via Google Images

ALIZON S, HURFORD A, MIDEO N, VAN BAALEN M. 2008. Virulence evolution and the trade-off hypothesis: history, current state of affairs and the future. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 22(2):245–259. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01658.x.

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