REPORTED SPEECH& PASSIVE REPORTING STRUCTURES
START
REPORTING REQUESTS AND ORDERS
REPORTING QUESTIONS
REPORTING STATEMENTS - say & tell
PASSIVE REPORTING STRUCTURES
REPORTING VERBS
Reported speech is when we tell someone what another person said. To do this, we can use direct speech or indirect speech. direct speech: 'I work in a bank,' said Daniel.indirect speech: Daniel said that he worked in a bank. In indirect speech, we often use a tense which is 'further back' in the past (e.g. worked) than the tense originally used (e.g. work). This is called 'backshift'. We also may need to change other words that were used, for example pronouns and words that refer to time and place. Check here to see how the tenses change.
REPORTING STATEMENTSSAY & TELL
Do you need some practice?
A reported question is when we tell someone what another person asked. To do this, we can use direct speech or indirect speech. direct speech: 'Do you like working in sales?' he asked. indirect speech: He asked me if I liked working in sales. In indirect speech, we change the question structure (e.g. Do you like) to a statement structure (e.g. I like).
We also often make changes to the tenses and other words in the same way as for reported statements (e.g. have done → had done, today → that day).
REPORTING QUESTIONS
Do you need some practice?
- If someone asks you to do something (in a polite way). For example: Direct speech: Close the window, please Or: Could you close the window please? Or: Would you mind closing the window please? All of these requests mean the same thing, so we don't need to report every word when we tell another person about it. We simply use 'ask me + to + infinitive': Reported speech: She asked me to close the window. - And if someone doesn't ask so politely. We can call this an 'order' in English, when someone tells you very directly to do something. For example: Direct speech: Sit down! In fact, we make this into reported speech in the same way as a request. We just use 'tell' instead of 'ask': Reported speech: She told me to sit down.
REPORTING REQUESTS AND ORDERS
Do you need some practice?
When we tell someone what another person said, we often use the verbs say, tell or ask. These are called 'reporting verbs'. However, we can also use other reporting verbs. Many reporting verbs can be followed by another verb in either an infinitive or an -ing form. Reporting verb + infinitive Verbs like advise, agree, challenge, claim, decide, demand, encourage, invite, offer, persuade, promise, refuse and remind can follow an infinitive pattern. Reporting verb + -ing form Verbs like admit, apologise for, complain about, deny, insist on, mention and suggest can follow an -ing form pattern.
REPORTING VERBS
Do you need some practice?
Passive structures hide the source of the information. This is because a) it is obvious b) the source is unimportant or is 'people in general', or c) the source is unknown. Form 1) It + passive reporting verb + that-clause For example: It is known that the sky is blue It is known that the criminal escaped It is thought that chocolate is delicious 2) Subject + passive reporting verb + to-infinitive For example: The sky is known to be Chocolate is thought to be delicious
PASSIVE REPORTING STRUCTURES
Read the explanation and do the exercises
That's the end
REPORTED SPEECH AND PASSIVE REPORTING STRUCTURES
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Transcript
REPORTED SPEECH& PASSIVE REPORTING STRUCTURES
START
REPORTING REQUESTS AND ORDERS
REPORTING QUESTIONS
REPORTING STATEMENTS - say & tell
PASSIVE REPORTING STRUCTURES
REPORTING VERBS
Reported speech is when we tell someone what another person said. To do this, we can use direct speech or indirect speech. direct speech: 'I work in a bank,' said Daniel.indirect speech: Daniel said that he worked in a bank. In indirect speech, we often use a tense which is 'further back' in the past (e.g. worked) than the tense originally used (e.g. work). This is called 'backshift'. We also may need to change other words that were used, for example pronouns and words that refer to time and place. Check here to see how the tenses change.
REPORTING STATEMENTSSAY & TELL
Do you need some practice?
A reported question is when we tell someone what another person asked. To do this, we can use direct speech or indirect speech. direct speech: 'Do you like working in sales?' he asked. indirect speech: He asked me if I liked working in sales. In indirect speech, we change the question structure (e.g. Do you like) to a statement structure (e.g. I like). We also often make changes to the tenses and other words in the same way as for reported statements (e.g. have done → had done, today → that day).
REPORTING QUESTIONS
Do you need some practice?
- If someone asks you to do something (in a polite way). For example: Direct speech: Close the window, please Or: Could you close the window please? Or: Would you mind closing the window please? All of these requests mean the same thing, so we don't need to report every word when we tell another person about it. We simply use 'ask me + to + infinitive': Reported speech: She asked me to close the window. - And if someone doesn't ask so politely. We can call this an 'order' in English, when someone tells you very directly to do something. For example: Direct speech: Sit down! In fact, we make this into reported speech in the same way as a request. We just use 'tell' instead of 'ask': Reported speech: She told me to sit down.
REPORTING REQUESTS AND ORDERS
Do you need some practice?
When we tell someone what another person said, we often use the verbs say, tell or ask. These are called 'reporting verbs'. However, we can also use other reporting verbs. Many reporting verbs can be followed by another verb in either an infinitive or an -ing form. Reporting verb + infinitive Verbs like advise, agree, challenge, claim, decide, demand, encourage, invite, offer, persuade, promise, refuse and remind can follow an infinitive pattern. Reporting verb + -ing form Verbs like admit, apologise for, complain about, deny, insist on, mention and suggest can follow an -ing form pattern.
REPORTING VERBS
Do you need some practice?
Passive structures hide the source of the information. This is because a) it is obvious b) the source is unimportant or is 'people in general', or c) the source is unknown. Form 1) It + passive reporting verb + that-clause For example: It is known that the sky is blue It is known that the criminal escaped It is thought that chocolate is delicious 2) Subject + passive reporting verb + to-infinitive For example: The sky is known to be Chocolate is thought to be delicious
PASSIVE REPORTING STRUCTURES
Read the explanation and do the exercises
That's the end