human anatomy & physiology
START
DISORDERS
Urinary System
index
Objectives
UTI's
Glomerulonephritis
PKD
Renal failure
THANKS
Physiological Disorders
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI’s)
Glomerulonephritis
Polycystic Kidney disease
Renal Failure (Acute; Chronic)
the urinary system
physiological disorders
Objectives
- How these physiological disorders occur
- Causes/Risk Factors
- Signs and Symptoms
- How they can be treated.
+info
The Urinary System
FUN FACT
The urinary system, also known as the renal system or urinary tract, consists of the kidney, ureter, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH.
- The human bladder can stretch to hold about 400ml of urine.
- All the blood in our body is filtered 400 times through the kidneys every day.
- Urine stays in the bladder for up to 5 hours before discharge depending on the amount of liquid consumed if the urinary system is healthy.
+info
Urinary Tract Infection
UTIs occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to spread in the bladder. The urinary system is designed to keep out bacteria. But the defenses sometimes fail. When that happens, bacteria may take hold and grow into a full-blown infection in the urinary tract.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects part of the urinary tract.When the lower urinary tract is affected it is known as a bladder infection (cystitis) and when it affects the upper urinary tract it is kidney infection.
+info
Female anatomy. Women have a shorter urethra than men do. As a result, there's less distance for bacteria to travel to reach the bladder.
-Sexual activity. Being sexually active tends to lead to more UTIs. Having a new sexual partner also increases risk.
-Certain types of birth control. Using diaphragms for birth control may increase the risk of UTIs. Using spermicidal agents also can increase risk.
Cause/ Risk Factors
UTIs occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to spread in the bladder. The urinary system is designed to keep out bacteria. But the defenses sometimes fail. When that happens, bacteria may take hold and grow into a full-blown infection in the urinary tract.
+info
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
- Frequent urination
- Feeling urge to pee dispite bladder bein empty
- Pain or burning while urinating.
- Frequent urination.
- Bloody urine.
- Pressure or cramping in the groin or lower abdomen.
+info
Table
Treatment For UTI's
In cases of a complicated UTI, your health care provider might prescribe a fluoroquinolone medicine if there are no other treatment options.
For an uncomplicated UTI that occurs when you're otherwise healthy, your health care provider may recommend a shorter course of treatment. That may mean taking an antibiotic for 1 to 3 days. Whether a short course of treatment is enough to treat your infection depends on your symptoms and medical history.
- Fosfomycin (Monurol)
- Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin,
Macrobid, Furadantin)
+info
Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the tiny filters in your kidneys (glomeruli). Glomeruli remove excess fluid, electrolytes and waste from your bloodstream and pass them into your urine.
+info
Causes/ Risk Factors
- Viral infections of the kidney, such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C, cause inflammation of the glomeruli and other kidney tissues.
- Infection with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, can lead to glomerulonephritis and progressive kidney damage, even before the onset of AIDS.
- Bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of your heart's chambers and valves
- Toxins or medicines.
- Viral infections, such as HIV, hepatitis B and C viruses.
+info
Signs and Symptoms
Fluid retention (edema) with swelling evident in your face, hands, feet and abdomen
Urinating less than usual
Nausea and vomiting
Muscle cramps
- Pink or cola-colored urine from red blood cells in your urine (hematuria)
- Foamy or bubbly urine due to excess protein in the urine (proteinuria)
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
+info
Lorem ipsum dolor
SYMPTOMS
Treatment for Glomerulonephritis
In general, the goal of treatment is to protect your kidneys from further damage.
Treatment for high blood pressure
Keeping your blood pressure under control is key to protecting your kidneys. To control your high blood pressure and slow the decline in kidney function, your doctor may prescribe one of several medications, including:
- Diuretics
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
- Angiotensin II receptor blockers
For acute glomerulonephritis and acute kidney failure, dialysis can help remove excess fluid and control high blood pressure. The only long-term therapies for end-stage kidney disease are kidney dialysis and kidney transplant
+info
Polycystic Kidney Disease
PKD is a form of chronic kidney disease that reduces kidney function and may lead to kidney failure. PKD is a genetic disorder that causes many fluid-filled cysts to grow in your kidneys. Unlike the usually harmless simple kidney cysts that can form in the kidneys later in life, PKD cysts can change the shape of your kidneys, including making them much larger.
+info
CAUSES/ RISK FACTORS
- Abnormal genes; the disease runs in families.
- Sometimes, a genetic mutation or defect occurs on its own, so that neither parent has a copy of the mutated gene.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
- Back pain
- Abdominal fullness
- Bloody urine
- Headache
- High blood pressure
- Fatigue
- Back pain
- Abdominal fullness
- Bloody urine
- Headache
- High blood pressure
- Fatigue
Treatments
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: Is used to decrease blood pressure.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS): Are used to control pain.
- Antibiotics: Is effective for reaching the cavities of the cyst.
+info
Acute renal failure has an abrupt onset and is potentially reversible. Chronic renal failure progresses slowly over at least three months and can lead to permanent renal failure
RENAL FAILURE
The kidneys filter the blood and remove toxins from it. These toxins are passed to the bladder where they are removed during micturition. When the kidneys fail to remove toxic substances from the body, this is known as renal failure.
+info
CAUSES/ RISK FACTORS
- Type 1 and 2 diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Glomerulonephritis
- Intestinal nephritis
- Prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract
- Vesicoureteral reflux
- Recurrent infections to the kidney
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
A blood test is the main test done for kidney diseases.
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Fatigue and weakness
- Sleep problems
- Changes in the amount of urine
- Decreased mental sharpness
- Muscle twitches and cramps
+info
Treatments
Due to the severity of the condition the treatment options are limited and include kidney transplantation, dialysis or supportive care.
men that have chronic kidney disease (CKD), are more likely to reach kidney failure sooner than women
+info
THANKS
thank you for listening to our presentation we hope it was innovative and engaging.
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Transcript
human anatomy & physiology
START
DISORDERS
Urinary System
index
Objectives
UTI's
Glomerulonephritis
PKD
Renal failure
THANKS
Physiological Disorders
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI’s) Glomerulonephritis Polycystic Kidney disease Renal Failure (Acute; Chronic)
the urinary system
physiological disorders
Objectives
+info
The Urinary System
FUN FACT
The urinary system, also known as the renal system or urinary tract, consists of the kidney, ureter, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH.
+info
Urinary Tract Infection
UTIs occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to spread in the bladder. The urinary system is designed to keep out bacteria. But the defenses sometimes fail. When that happens, bacteria may take hold and grow into a full-blown infection in the urinary tract.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects part of the urinary tract.When the lower urinary tract is affected it is known as a bladder infection (cystitis) and when it affects the upper urinary tract it is kidney infection.
+info
Female anatomy. Women have a shorter urethra than men do. As a result, there's less distance for bacteria to travel to reach the bladder. -Sexual activity. Being sexually active tends to lead to more UTIs. Having a new sexual partner also increases risk. -Certain types of birth control. Using diaphragms for birth control may increase the risk of UTIs. Using spermicidal agents also can increase risk.
Cause/ Risk Factors
UTIs occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to spread in the bladder. The urinary system is designed to keep out bacteria. But the defenses sometimes fail. When that happens, bacteria may take hold and grow into a full-blown infection in the urinary tract.
+info
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
+info
Table
Treatment For UTI's
In cases of a complicated UTI, your health care provider might prescribe a fluoroquinolone medicine if there are no other treatment options. For an uncomplicated UTI that occurs when you're otherwise healthy, your health care provider may recommend a shorter course of treatment. That may mean taking an antibiotic for 1 to 3 days. Whether a short course of treatment is enough to treat your infection depends on your symptoms and medical history.
- Fosfomycin (Monurol)
- Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin,
Macrobid, Furadantin)+info
Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the tiny filters in your kidneys (glomeruli). Glomeruli remove excess fluid, electrolytes and waste from your bloodstream and pass them into your urine.
+info
Causes/ Risk Factors
+info
Signs and Symptoms
Fluid retention (edema) with swelling evident in your face, hands, feet and abdomen Urinating less than usual Nausea and vomiting Muscle cramps
+info
Lorem ipsum dolor
SYMPTOMS
Treatment for Glomerulonephritis
In general, the goal of treatment is to protect your kidneys from further damage. Treatment for high blood pressure Keeping your blood pressure under control is key to protecting your kidneys. To control your high blood pressure and slow the decline in kidney function, your doctor may prescribe one of several medications, including:
- Diuretics
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
- Angiotensin II receptor blockers
For acute glomerulonephritis and acute kidney failure, dialysis can help remove excess fluid and control high blood pressure. The only long-term therapies for end-stage kidney disease are kidney dialysis and kidney transplant+info
Polycystic Kidney Disease
PKD is a form of chronic kidney disease that reduces kidney function and may lead to kidney failure. PKD is a genetic disorder that causes many fluid-filled cysts to grow in your kidneys. Unlike the usually harmless simple kidney cysts that can form in the kidneys later in life, PKD cysts can change the shape of your kidneys, including making them much larger.
+info
CAUSES/ RISK FACTORS
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Treatments
+info
Acute renal failure has an abrupt onset and is potentially reversible. Chronic renal failure progresses slowly over at least three months and can lead to permanent renal failure
RENAL FAILURE
The kidneys filter the blood and remove toxins from it. These toxins are passed to the bladder where they are removed during micturition. When the kidneys fail to remove toxic substances from the body, this is known as renal failure.
+info
CAUSES/ RISK FACTORS
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
A blood test is the main test done for kidney diseases.
+info
Treatments
Due to the severity of the condition the treatment options are limited and include kidney transplantation, dialysis or supportive care.
men that have chronic kidney disease (CKD), are more likely to reach kidney failure sooner than women
+info
THANKS
thank you for listening to our presentation we hope it was innovative and engaging.