LEARNING EVIDENCE #4

Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Educación Bilingue

Learning EvidenceSTAGE 4 Organic Compounds

TEAM #2 GROUP 306Miranda Rangel Vargas #2114755 ​ Valeria Michelle Espinosa Tamez #2114865 ​ Ezequiel Castro Carrillo #2114949 ​ Bárbara Robledo Guerrero #2115129 ​ Fernando Cepeda Echavarría #2114848 Teacher: Jannet Edith Salinas Hernández 21/11/2022

START

The classification of organic compounds

Hydrocarbons are compounds or molecules that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbon derivatives are formed from hydrocarbons, but at least one of the hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon derivative is substituted with a different atom. Hydrocarbon derivatives are used to produce several different products such as fuel, perfumes, and flavor extracts.

A hydrocarbon functional group is the portion of a molecule that gives the molecules its reactive characteristics, properties, and behaviors. There are several different functional groups that include ketones, amines, and ethers.

There are four main types of hydrocarbons which include:

• Alkanes: contain only single bonds between carbon atoms
• Alkenes: contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms
• Alkynes: contain at least one triple bond between carbon atoms
• Aromatic hydrocarbons: form a ring shape

EXAMPLES

HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES

ALKANES (CnH2n+2)Methane

Molecular formula: CH₄CONDENSED FORMULA: CH 4 CH 4DEVELOPED FROMULA: CH₄ Physical properties: colorless odorless gas. It is also known as marsh gas or methyl hydride. Chemical Properties: It is only slightly soluble in water. It burns readily in air, forming carbon dioxide and water vapour; the flame is pale, slightly luminous, and very hot. How it is produced: Methane that is produced and released into the atmosphere is taken up by methane sinks, which include soil and the process of methane oxidation in the troposphere (the lowest atmospheric region). Most methane produced naturally is offset by its uptake into natural sinks.

Alcohols (C₂H₆O) Methanol

Molecular formula: CH3OHCONDENSED FORMULA: CH 3OHDEVELOPED FROMULA: CH4O Physical properties: It forms explosive mixtures with air and burns with a nonluminous flame. It is completely miscible in water. Chemical Properties: It is colorless, volatile, flammable, and poisonous How it is produced: Methanol is predominantly produced from natural gas by reforming the gas with steam and then converting and distilling the resulting synthesized gas mixture to create pure methanol. The result is a clear, liquid, organic chemical that is water soluble and readily biodegradable.

Importance and applications

Methane

• Methane gas is used to run or power engines and turbines in factories. Industries like pulp and paper, food processors, petroleum refineries and companies that work with stone, clay and glass, use the energy it releases. Methane-based combustion helps businesses dry, dehumidify, melt and sanitize their products. It is also used to provide energy for lighting purposes.
• Current research indicates that methane is useful for treating several diseases including ischemia and reperfusion injury, and inflammatory diseases.
• Producing energy from recovered methane can also help to avoid the use of higher CO2- and pollutant-intensive energy resources such as wood, coal, and oil. It also provides local sources of alternative energy that can spur local economic development.

Importance and applications

METHANOL

Methyl alcohol is used in many industries, is used as a feedstock to produce chemicals such as acetic acid and formaldehyde, which in turn are used in products like adhesives, foams, plywood subfloors, solvents and windshield washer fluid. What is methanol used for in health? It is used as a solvent in the manufacture of cholesterol, streptomycin, vitamins, hormones, and other pharmaceuticals. The methanol and dimethyl ether replace fossil fuels as a means of energy storage, ground transportation fuel, and raw material for synthetic hydrocarbons and their products. It offers an alternative to the proposed hydrogen economy or ethanol economy,

ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT

METHANE

Methane is the primary contributor to the formation of ground-level ozone, a hazardous air pollutant and greenhouse gas, exposure to which causes 1 million premature deaths every year. Methane is also a powerful greenhouse gas. Over a 20-year period, it is 80 times more potent at warming than carbon dioxide.

METHANOL

According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the combustion of methanol also generally produces less deleterious greenhouse gases in the form of nitrogen oxides. Methanol quickly biodegrades. It has traditionally been produced from natural gas and can be corrosive to older automobile tubing and casing, though much less so to newer generations of automobiles. Methanol is a more efficient fuel to replace gasoline or diesel, but it provides fewer miles to the gallon because of its lower energy density.

Conclusion

Organic compounds have benefits and also have risks, some of the benefits are that they are the basic components of many of the cycles that drive the earth for example, the carbon cycle that includes the exchange of carbon between plants and animals in photosynthesis and cellular respiration.The risks of the organic compounds are that they also cause acute symptoms such as irritations of the nose, throat, and eyes, cause headaches, nausea, dizziness, allergic skin reactions, and can also damage the internal organs such as the liver and kidneys

PART II

REFERENCES

• Hydrocarbon Derivatives | Overview, Properties & Examples Video. (2022). Hydrocarbon Derivatives | Overview, Properties & Examples - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from study.com website: https://study.com/learn/lesson/hydrocarbon-derivatives.html#:~:text=Hydrocarbon%20and%20Hydrocarbon%20Derivatives%20Functional%20Group&text=Alkanes%3A%20contain%20only%20single%20bonds,hydrocarbons%3A%20form%20a%20ring%20shape
• ‌Hydrocarbons. (2022). Retrieved November 21, 2022, from Gsu.edu website: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Organic/hydrocarbon.html
• Methane | Definition, Properties, Uses, & Facts | Britannica. (2022). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/science/methane
• Horrocks, M. (2022). The Alkanes. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from 4college.co.uk website: http://www.4college.co.uk/as/df/shapealk.php

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