G2- Colors and Fabrics

Colors and Fabrics

GROUP 2

Yarn Fibers

REPORTER: GALLANONGO, SARAH

Info

a material made from staple fiber or continuous filaments used to make fabrics, sweaters, scarfs, and sewing garments.

YARN

Filament Fiber

Staple Fiber

Animal types of yarn fiber include wool, alpaca, silk, cashmere, mohair and angora. They are somewhat elastic and breathable so they trap air and create warmth.

(ANIMAL FIBERS, PLANT FIBERS & SYNTHETIC FIBERS)

Animal Fibers

TYPES OF YARN FIBERS

- Wool can often be more expensive and good quality wool is best found at a specialty yarn shop, though you can sometimes find it at a chain store.- Wool fibers have tiny scales that occur naturally. - This animal-fiber has great stitch memory

1. Wool

VARIATIONS OF WOOL

• Merino Wool

Derived from Merino sheep, Merino wool is highly praised for its soft, smooth texture. Merino wool is popular for its texture and versatility, but is prone to pilling and comes at a higher price point.

VARIATIONS OF WOOL

• Virgin Wool

This wool comes directly from the fleece of a sheep and does not include any recycled wool.

- warm and softer than wool- It is also a bit fuzzier and stretches more easily - The finished yarn is soft and fine - One major downside of alpaca is its tendency to stretch coupled with its lack of stitch memory.

2. Alpaca

- Cashmere comes from the Kashmir goat - It is lighter than wool, yet many times warmer

3. Cashmere

- Comes from the Angora goat and is known for its high luster and sheen- It can make a light, warm fabric, ideal for scarves and indoor clothing

4. Mohair

- Comes from the Angora rabbit - It is very lightweight yet eight times warmer than sheep wool - It is harvested during the rabbits natural molting process

5. Angora

- Plant fibers include cotton, linen, and bamboo.- made of cellulose

(ANIMAL FIBERS, PLANT FIBERS & SYNTHETIC FIBERS)

Plant Fibers

TYPES OF YARN FIBERS

is found in all plants and absorbs water at the root and transports it to the top of the stem.

Cellulose

1. Cotton

- Grows around the seeds of the cotton plant- Used for everything from clothing to socks and everyone's favorite washcloth

2. Linen

- Comes from the flax plant and is one of the oldest fibers used by humans - it is strong and durable, but stiff

3. Bamboo

- Comes from bamboo grass that is spun into a fiber- It has agreat absorbing qualities and is considered highly suistainable

4. Silk

- Comes from the cocoons of the silkworm- Very soft and silky wit high sheen

VARIATIONS OF SILK

• Mulberry Silk

Derived from a silkworm fed exclusively on mulberry leaves to produce the finest silk with the longest fibers and most pronounced shine

VARIATIONS OF SILK

• Tussah Silk

Silkworms who feed on oak or fruit tree leaves produce silk, characterized by its shorter, stronger fiber

VARIATIONS OF SILK

• Silk Noil

No fiber goes to waste in the production of silk. After the long fibers are extracted, the leftover bumpy bits are paired with other yarns to lend a tweedy texture

- Synthetic types of yarn fiber include acrylic, rayon, nylon, and polyester- are also inexpensive, durable, and available in a wide variety of colors - are made using chemical processes rather than naturally-occurring substances

(ANIMAL FIBERS, PLANT FIBERS & SYNTHETIC FIBERS)

Synthetic Fibers

TYPES OF YARN FIBERS

1. Acrylic

- is the most popular synthetic fiber on the market- Acrylic is produced from ethylene, which is derived from oil - It is soft and warm, but not as durable and strong as natural fibers

2. Nylon

- It is a man-made filament fiber- It is lightweight, durable and, elastic - Round, smooth, and shiny filament fibers

3. Rayon

- Is categorized as biosynthetic fiber- was originally produced as a less-expensive alternative to silk - also has cooling properties

VARIATIONS OF RAYON

• Viscose

VARIATIONS OF RAYON

• Tencel /Lyocell

VARIATIONS OF RAYON

• Modal

Colors

REPORTER: GALLANONGO, SARAH

Primary Colors

MONOCHROMATIC

COMPLEMENTARY COLORS

ANALOGOUS

Selecting Right Colors

REPORTER: GALLANONGO, SARAH

- Bring out the beauty of your hair and eyes- Test yourself on natural light and artificial light - Keep in mind what you want to convey with your colors

Is the color flattering to your fatigue?

- Complement your skin tone- Determine your skin's undertone

Is the color becoming you?

WINTER COLOR

SUMMER COLOR

AUTUMN COLOR

SPRING COLOR

Fabrics

REPORTER: GALLANONGO, SARAH

Info

Anything that we make through weaving, crocheting, or knitting that we can use to make further goods

FABRIC

2. Linen

Another natural fiber, made from the flax plant

A natural fabric made from fibers from the cotton plant

DIFFERENT TYPES OF FABRIC

1. Cotton

4. Wool

Is a natural fabric mae from animal hairs

Is a type of plain-weave cotton fabric. Used to make baby blankets

DIFFERENT TYPES OF FABRIC

3. Muslin

6. Satin

One of the most luxurious high-passion fabrics

DIFFERENT TYPES OF FABRIC

5. Silk

8. Rayon

A semi-synthetic fabric that's made from fibers from wood pulp

A synthetic fiber that's essentially a type of plastic

DIFFERENT TYPES OF FABRIC

7. Polyester

10. Lace

A delicate, decorative fabric made by hand or machine

Isn't made from fiber but from the hide of an animal

DIFFERENT TYPES OF FABRIC

9. Leather

12. Spandex

Is incredibly stretchy

Is good for clothing worn near the skin

DIFFERENT TYPES OF FABRIC

11. Bamboo

14. Hemp

A natural fabric made from fibers of the hemp plant

A soft, thick, luxurious fabric made with tuffed fibers

DIFFERENT TYPES OF FABRIC

13. Velvet

Fibers

REPORTER: GALLANONGO, SARAH

Info

- Are the fundamental units or the building blocks used in the making of textile, yarn, and fabrics- Is defined as any product capable of being woven or otherwise made into a fabric - A pliable hair-like strand

FIBER

Man-made Fiber

REPORTER: CANETE, AVEGAIL NISAN

often referred to as artificial wool. It can be either wet or dry spun. It uses solvents to dissolve the polymers. Then it solidifies them for the spinning process.

2. Acrylic

1. Acetate

made from biodegradable and naturally occurring substances, especially wood shaving. It is one of the most versatile fabrics

One of the oldest and most popular materials used to make clothing, is metallic fibers. Metallic fibers can be very lightweight, including being able to produce light while being strong enough to withstand wear and tear over time.

also called fiberglass. It is a material made from extremely fine fibers of glass. Fiberglass is a lightweight, extremely strong, and robust material.

4. Metallic Yarns

3. Glass Fibers

is a polymer fiber, a plastic with long and heavy molecules built up of short repeating sections of atoms. The streams of nylon harden once they come in contact with the air. Nylon is also one of the strongest textile materials.

a synthetic copolymer. Modacrylics are soft, strong, resilient and dimensionally stable. They can be easily dyed, show good press and shape retention, and are quick to dry.

Nylon

5. Modocrylic

is a fiber made from coal, air, water, and, petroleum. It is formed from a chemical reaction between acid and alcohol.

is a synthetic fiber made from polyolefins, such as polypropylene or polyethylene It is used in wallpaper, carpeting, ropes, and vehicle interiors

7. Polyester

6. Olefin

A generic name for manufactured fibres in which the fibre-forming substance is any long-chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 80% by weight of vinylidene chloride units. Saran fibres have good chemical resistance to acids and alkalis and do not lose their strength in sunlight.

9. Saran

8. Rayon

is technically neither a synthetic nor natural fiber. It is manufactured fiber from a natural occurring cellulose.

is a synthetic fiber made from polyvinyl chloride. In some countries other than the United States, vinyon fibers are referred to as polyvinyl chloride fibers. It can bind non-woven fibers and fabrics. It was invented in 1939.

made of a long-chain polymer called polyurethane. This is produced by polyester reacting with diisocyanate. This polymer is created into a fiber by a dry spinning technique.

11. Vinyon

10. Spandex

Non-WovenFabrics

REPORTER: CANETE, AVEGAIL NISAN

Info

• a sheet, web, or bat of natural or manmade fibers or filament, excluding paper, that have not been converted into yarns and that are bonded to each other
• uses of non-woven are both disposal and durable.

NON-WOVEN

Non-woven fabrics have no grain. They are made by pressing fibers together. (Examples are felt, plastic, film, Pelion, kayback & interion)

NON-WOVEN FABRICS

Spun-bounded non-woven fabric utilizes polymers as the raw material for its formation.

TYPES OF NON-WOVEN FABRIC

1. Spun-Bounded Non-woven Fabric

Spunlace non-woven fabric got its name from the process. The process utilizes applying high-pressure water jet to the layers of the web fibers so they can get entangled and combine into a uniform fabric.

TYPES OF NON-WOVEN FABRIC

2. Spunlace Non-woven Fabric

Heat is the main agent used in this type of non-woven fabric to bind the fiber webs together

TYPES OF NON-WOVEN FABRIC

3. Heat-Bounded Non-woven Fabric

Also called dustless paper, air-laid paper, and now dry paper nonwoven; it uses airlaid technology which opens up the wood pulp fiberboards into a state of single fiber

TYPES OF NON-WOVEN FABRIC

4. Airlaid Pulp Non-woven Fabric

Is made in a complex systematic procedure were melted polymerfiber is extruded through a linear die

TYPES OF NON-WOVEN FABRIC

5. Melt-blown Non-woven Fabric

is manufacture in a number of steps. First, the raw material comprising of fibers is placed in an aqueous medium to open into a single fiber. Next, different fibrous raw materials are added to form fibrous suspension slurry. The slurry is then treated in a mesh forming mechanism and the mesh is then laid in the wet state it is treated in to form the fabric.

TYPES OF NON-WOVEN FABRIC

6. Wet Non-woven Fabric

Stitch-bonded non-woven fabric is another type of dry non-woven fabric that uses a loop structure that is wrap-knitted so it provides strength and structure to the layers including yarn layer, fiber web, and other materials used during its manufacturing. The combination of different layers reinforces the structure of the fabric.

TYPES OF NON-WOVEN FABRIC

7. Stitch-Bonded Non-woven Fabric

Stitch-bonded non-woven fabric is another type of dry non-woven fabric that uses a loop structure that is wrap-knitted so it provides strength and structure to the layers including yarn layer, fiber web, and other materials used during its manufacturing. The combination of different layers reinforces the structure of the fabric.

TYPES OF NON-WOVEN FABRIC

8. Stitch-Bonded Non-woven Fabric

Needle-punched non-woven fabric or acupunctured non-woven fabric is another dry-type fabric which is made by reinforcing fiber into cloth by using needle punching. It has a rough texture and the fabric produced this way is quite strong.

TYPES OF NON-WOVEN FABRIC

8. Acupunctured Non-woven Fabric

One of the most popular types of non-woven fabric, it is primarily used for manufacturing medical materials such as napkins (for sanitary purposes), sanitary pads, etc. because it is soft to touch to doesn’t scratch the skin.

TYPES OF NON-WOVEN FABRIC

9. Hydrophilic Non-woven Fabric

Process use forNon-Woven Production

REPORTER: DOMINGO, LJ

Staple fibers need to be processed through carding or combing

Stable fibers webs found Most natural fibers, such as cotton and wool, are staple fibers and this is what gives polo shirt fabric its texture.

Info

STAPLE FIBER WEBS

CARDING

Is the common web-forming process used for staple fiber in the non-woven industry.

• Polyester materials such as PTA and EG are converted through polymerization performed at a high temperature and pressure.
• After the spinning and drawing process, Polymer becomes staple fibers when cut short into the form of cotton or filament yarns when made into the form of yarn.

Process of a Staple Fiber Webs

Used to produce a wide range of woven and knitted fabrics for various textiles and clothing. A classification is given for these yarns and yarn-count system used for specification is described.

Info

SPUN-LAID CONTINOUS FILAMENT

• First, they modified the luster of the filament from bright to semi-bright to dull.

• Second, they modified the structure of the filament by adding bulk and stretch, through various texturing processes.

Process of a Spun-laid Continous Filament

Methods ofFiber Lying

REPORTER: DOMINGO, LJ

Info

1. DRY-LAYING

The dry-laid web-forming process is referred to here as carding. Carded non-woven fabrics are made from a variety of fibers, including rayon and polyester, with fiber lengths ranging from 1.2 cm to 20 cm.

Info

2. WET-LAYING

Staple fibers of up to 12 mm fiber length, very often mixed with viscose or wood pulp, are suspended in water, using large tanks. Afterward, the water fiber or the water-pulp dispersion is pumped and continuously deposited on a forming wire

Info

3. SPUN-MELT

The molten polymers, predominantly polypropylene, polyester, or polypropylene, are first spun into endless filaments by spinnerets. Underneath the spinnerets, the filaments are cooled and stretched by air and are laid down on an apron in a continous process.

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Selecting a Fabric

REPORTER: DOMINGO, LJ

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BlendedFabric

REPORTER: TUBIG, CHERYL

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CombinationFabrics

REPORTER: TUBIG, CHERYL

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EveningDresses

REPORTER: TUBIG, CHERYL

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DressmakerSuits

REPORTER: EBORA, FRANCESS JEAN

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Coats

REPORTER: EBORA, FRANCESS JEAN

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Fabric forInterfacing

REPORTER: EBORA, FRANCESS JEAN

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Underlining& Lining

REPORTER: ACEBO, ANGELICA

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Most Typical Fabrics Used for Underlining

REPORTER: ACEBO, ANGELICA

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Lining Fabric Types

REPORTER: ACEBO, ANGELICA

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FabricWidth

REPORTER: ACEBO, ANGELICA

There is a list of fabrics appropriate for the design, it is a good guide if you are in doubt.

The judgement and taste you exercise in coordinating the fabric with the pattern can determine the success of your finished product.

Dresses with shirring, draping, or gathers require soft fabrics.

Suits and tailored dresses require firm fabrics with body.

A small figure should not wear large stripes, plaid or prints.

Remember that a print, plaid, or design should be in proportion to your figure.

Narrow stripes w ill make the figure appear taller.

A large figure may wear large print; however, a large plaid will emphasize figure proportions.

The finish of the fabric also affects the appearance of your figure.

Broad stripes will make it appear shorter.

The bulk of heavyweight or rough-finished fabrics makes the figure look larger. It is handled with too much dullness, such fabrics may overpower a small figure and add weight to a full figure simply handled they may be flattering.

Thank you!