UNIT 2 SS (5º EP)

early modern age

Index

1. Catholic Monarchs

2. Age of Discovery

3. The Hapsburgs

4. The Bourbons

5. Artistic styles

6. Important aspects

CATHOLIC MONARCHS

ISABEL OF CASTILLA

She was born in 1451 in Madrigal de las Altas Torres, in Castilla. She was the sister of Enrique, the king of Castilla. Enrique named Isabel as the heir of the kingdom of Castilla.

FERNANDO OF ARAGÓN

He was born in 1452 in Sos, Aragón.

the catholic monarchs

Isabel and Fernando got married in 1469. In 1474 Enrique died and Isabel became the queen. The daugther of Enrique also wanted the throne.

the catholic monarchs

After years of the war of succesion, Isabel became the queen of Castilla and five years later, Fernando became the king of Aragón. After this, the began the expansion of the Spanish territories.

the catholic monarchs

In 1478, they established the Inquisition: interrogated and punished people who weren't Christians. Some were tortured and kill. They expelled the Jews from Spain. Some of them adopted the Christian religion: conversos.

the catholic monarchs

In 1492 ended the Reconquista. In 1496 added the Canary Islands and the kingdom of Navarra. They also added Melilla and the kingdom of Napoles. In 1504 Isabel of Castilla died. In 1516 Fernando of Aragón died.

Timeline of the life of the Christian Monarchs

1474Enrique died.War of Succession. Isabel became queen.

1479Fernando become the king of Aragón

1451Isabel of Castilla was born

1452Fernando of Aragón was born

1469Isabel and Fernando got married

1496Canary Islands, Navarra, Melilla, kingdom of Napoles

1492 End of Reconquista

1504Isabel died

1516Fernando died

agE OF DISCOVERY

Why do we call it the Age of Discovery?

Because during this period of history many European explorers went on voyages to different lands. They discovered, conquered and colosining new territories.

Why and how did they make the voyages?

Many Europeans began to buy silk and spices from Asia. In 1453 when the Turks conquered Constantinople the trade with Asia become more difficult. At the end of the 15th century the ships become bigger and faster and a new tool was invented: the compass.

WHO IS HE?

WHO GAVE HIM MONEY TO TRAVEL?

WHEN DID THE TRIP BEGIN?

HOW MANY SHIPS HAD HE? WHAT WERE THEIR NAMES?

WHICH WAS HIS FIRST CONQUERED?

HOW MANY TRIPS DID HE AFTER THE FIRST CONQUERED?

WHO IS HE?

WHAT DID HE DO?

WHAT DID HE DO IN THIS TRIP?

WHICH WAS HIS CONQUERED?

WHO IS HE?

WHAT DID HE DO?

WHAT HAPPENED DURING THE TRIP?

WHO IS HE?

WHAT DID HE DO?

WHICH WAS HIS CONQUERED?

WHEN DID THE TRIP FINISH?

WHO IS HE?

WHAT DID HE DO?

WHAT DID HE DO?

WHAT DID THE TRIP FINISH?

THE HAPSBURGS

Who were the Hapsburgs?

They were a dinasty that ruled in Spain in the 16th and the 17th centuries. There were many members of the family that ruled Spain, but the most important kings of this dinasty were Carlos I and Felipe II.

Carlos i

felipe ii

• He was born in Belgium and he ruled Spain in 1516.
• He fought many battles against the French and the Turkish Ottoman Empire.
• He did not speak Spanish so he gave to the foreign nobles important positions. The nobles increase the taxes and due to this there was a REBELLION in Castilla. After all, the rebels declared the mother of Carlos, Juana, the queen of Castilla.

• He ruled Spain since 1556 and he became the king of Portugal in 1580.
• He won many important battles such as the Battle of San Quintin against France or the Battle of Lepanto against the Ottoman Empire.
• He sent the Armada to conquered England but it was defeated in 1588.

Felipe IV

other members of the dinasty

He ruled since 1621. He was defeated in the Thirty Years War and he lost the kingdom of Portugal.

Felipe III

Carlos II

He ruled since 1598 but he had no interest. He delegated the power to other nobles called the favourites. He was the one that expelled the moriscos from Spain. The moriscos were Muslims forced to convert to Christianity.

He ruled since 1665. He became a king when he was four years old, so he delegated the power to his mother and this favourites.

The end of the dinasty

In 1700, it was the End of the Hapsburg rule.In the 16th century, Spain was the largest empire in the world, which territories in five continents. These territories were properties of Carlos I and Felipe II. Spain was one of the richest countries in Europe so it was easier to expand to other territories.

Viceroyalties

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish territories in the Americas were divided into two viceroyalties called New Spain and Peru. The capital of New Spain was Mexico and the capital of Peru was Lima. The ruler of each viceroyalty was a viceroy.

THE bOURBONS

In the 18th Spain was ruled by the Bourbon dinasty.

When Carlos II, from the Hapsburg dynasty died, he head no fear. In 1701 began the War of the Spanish Succession, in order to decide who will be the king. The war ended in 1713 and Felipe V became the first Bourbon king of Spain.

fELIPE V

CARLOS III

• Ruled with ABSOLUTE power, he made the decisions ALONE
• Centralised the government and eliminated the local institutions

• Introduce "Ley Sálica"
• Divided Spain into provincies
• Declared Spanish the only official language

• Ruled during the second half of the 18th century
• Wanted to modernise Spain and improve the life of the Spanish people
• Made different ministers to help him ruling (education, industry,etc.)
• Built many public buildings such as hospital and make improvements in the cities

The Enlightenment

It was a cultural and intellectual movement developed in Europe during the 18th century. The goal of this movement was to end with the darkness of the Middle Ages and modernise the countries. Many monarchs were influenced by this movement.

ARTISTIC STYLES

THEREINAISSANCE

• Began in 15th in Italy
• Inspired by Ancient Greek and Roman art
• Artists wanted to express classical beauty
• Appeared in Spain in 16th century
• Important arttists: Michelangelo "Sistine Chapel" or Leonardo Da Vinci "Mona Lisa"

THEBAROQUE

• Began in 17th in Italy and later spread to Spain
• Inspired by Ancient Greek and Roman art
• This art used a lot of curved lines and decoration
• The majority of the buildings are religios

Spain's Golden Age

During the 16th and 17th centuries, there were many great artists and writers in Spain. Some of them: Velazquez, Miguel de Cervantes or Francisco de Quevedo.

Main important actions of the most important kings and queens.

IMPORTANT ASPECTS

Main discovers of the explorers of this period.

Spain as the largest empire

Catholic monarchs and the discovery of America

Define some ideas such as: conversos, Inquisition, dynasty, conquistadors, moriscos

Main important characteristic of the artistic styles