HUMAN BODY PRESENTATION

THECARDiovascular system

The heart

Pumps 2000 gallons a day

Your heart is located in the front of your chest. It sits slightly behind and to the left of your sternum (breastbone). Surrounded by your ribcage for protection.

Beats a over 100,000 times a day

What can effect your heart rate?

anatomy of the heart

The heart is split into 4 chambers called the Left and right Atria and the Left and right Ventricle. Its is made up of three layers the endocardium, myocardium and the epicardium

The most muscular part of the heart is the left ventricle

It also has 4 valves, these valves prevent backflow and allow the blood to fill each chamber before its moves to the next.

Deoxygenated and oxygenated blood flow through the heart at the same time and a septum between the ventricles to stop the blood it from mixing.

How does blood flow through the heart

• Deoxygenated blood enters from the vena cava.
• Filling the right atria, blood pushed through the tricuspid valve
• Into the right ventircle
• Up through the pulmonary valve and up the pulmonary artery to the lungs
• Returns in the pulmonary vein
• Through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle

• Finally up the aortic valve through the aorta to go the rest of the body.

Image, (Stanford Medicine Childrens Health, 2022)

WHAT ARE BLOOD VESSLES?

arteries

thick elastic wall

small lumen

veins

thin wall

-------------

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large lumen

valve

capillaries

single cell wall

Image ,(BBC Bitesize, 2019)

Tharanikaa

WHAT'S IN THE BLOOD?

- The body is made up of five litres of blood. Blood consists of red blood cells (rbc), white blood cells(wbc) and platelets all suspended in plasma. RBC, WBC and platelets are made in the bone marrow.- Red blood cells: Makes up 40-50% Contains haemoglobin (red pigment), when combined with oxygen forms oxyhaemoglobin. Has biconcave shape, large SA to V ratio, maximum oxygen absorption Has no nucleus, more surface area, more haemoglobin, more oxygen Small and flexible, easily pass through vessels. Function: Carry oxygen to cells, carry carbon dioxide to lungs - White blood cells: Makes up 1% Part of immune system Large nucleus and larger than RBC Overall function: Defend body from infections and diseases. Two types of WBC Lymphocytes: Make antibodies to attack pathogens Phagocytes: Engulf pathogens in phagocytosis, then digest and destroy it - Platelets: Fragments of larger cells No nucleus Function: Help blood clot, prevents bleeding - Plasma: Makes up 55% Yellow liquid 95% is water with substances dissolved in it Function: transport substances around the body, bring nourishment to cells + remove waste, prevent vessels collapsing.

HEART

ARTERIES, VEINS AND CAPILLARIES

BLOOD

HOW IS BLOOD OXYGENATEDand& how does blood flow?

The circulation of blood can be broken down into two circuits: - the pulmonary circuit - the systematic circuit (Moran,J. 2021) The pulmonary circuit is when the blood enters the lungs and becomes oxygenated, and the systematic circuit is when the blood is circulating the rest of the body and becomes deoxygenated. Blood leaves the right side of the heart deoxygenated. Blood id oxidised in the right and left lung, blood flowing in from the respective right or left pulmonary artery. The oxygen breathed into the lungs diffuses across the endothelium into the capillaries, binding to the heaemoglobin in the rbc, oxidising the blood. The now oxidised blood returns to the heart, into the left side, from their respective lung, via the right or left pulmonary vein. The aorta pumps out the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body, where the blood will deliver the oxygen to the tissues that need it, becoming deoxygenated. The deoxygenated blood will return to the right side of the heart, via the inferior and superior vena cava and the cycle will start again.

Picture by Rachael MacDonald

tharanikaa

cARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Cardiovascular diseases: - Diseases of the heart and blood vessels. - Non-communicable, not infectious, cannot be passed from person to person. Coronary heart disease: - Coronary arteries branch from the aorta, and spread out into heart muscle - Role is to provide oxygen for respiration, energy for contraction - In coronary heart disease, layer of fatty acid build up, making it narrow - Flow of blood reduced so lack of oxygen to heart muscle. Can lead to heart attack in extreme situation - Various methods of treatment

Tempor Laor

credits INTRODUCTION- rACHAeL mACDONALD anatomy of THE HEART - HASEEM AFZAL the heart - haseem afzal how does blood flow through the heart- haseem afzal WHAT ARE THE BLOOD VESSLES- JAKOB BARRETT-REES whats in the blood-tharanikaa sivakumar HOW IS BLOOD OXYGENATED and how does blood flow-rACHAeL mACDONALD cardiovascular disease-tharanikaa sivakumar credits- jakob barrett-rees editing, recording, powerpoint- jakob barrett-Rees pictures drawn and edited - racheal macdonald

references

ANATOMY OF THE HEART-Heart information center: Heart anatomy: Texas heart institute (2022) The Texas Heart Institute. Available at: https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/ (Accessed: February 10, 2023). Heart: Anatomy and function (no date) Cleveland Clinic.

images - genially biology, G. (n.d.). Panel - Genial.ly. [online] app.genial.ly. Available at: https://app.genial.ly/templates/presentation?search=biology+ [Accessed 12 Feb. 2023].

THE HEART Heart information center: Heart anatomy: Texas heart institute (2022) The Texas Heart Institute. Available at: https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/heart-anatomy/ (Accessed: February 10, 2023). Heart: Anatomy and function (no date) Cleveland Clinic.

HOW DOES BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE HEART eart#:~:text=Your%20heart%20is%20located%20in,Your%20ribcage%20protects%20your%20heart. (Accessed: February 10, 2023).Default - Stanford Medicine Children's health (no date) Stanford Medicine Children's Health - Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford. Available at: https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=blood-circulation-in-the-fetus-and-newborn-90-P02362 (Accessed: February 10, 2023)

WHAT ARE BLOOD VESSLES - BBC Bitesize (2019). Structure of blood and blood vessels - Cardiovascular system - Edexcel - GCSE Physical Education Revision - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize. [online] BBC Bitesize. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9n6sg8/revision/ BioTutor (2013). Why do different blood vessels have different lumen sizes (relative to their overall size)? | MyTutor. [online] Mytutor.co.uk. Available at: https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/17180/GCSE/Biology/Why-do-different-blood-vessels-have-different-lumen-sizes-relative-to-their-overall-size/.I. Gupta, J. and J. Shea , M. (2022). Biology of the Blood Vessels - Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders. [online] MSD Manual Consumer Version. Available at: https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/biology-of-the-heart-and-blood-vessels/biology-of-the-blood-vessels#:~:text=The%20thin%20walls%20of%20the%20capillaries%20allow%20oxygen%20and%20nutrients.I. Gupta, J. and J. Shea , M. (2022). Biology of the Blood Vessels - Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders. [online] MSD Manual Consumer Version. Available at: https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/biology-of-the-heart-and-blood-vessels/biology-of-the-blood-vessels#:~:text=The%20thin%20walls%20of%20the%20capillaries%20allow%20oxygen%20and%20nutrients.

references

WHATS IN THE BLOOD whats in the blood-www.passmyexams.co.uk. (n.d.). Components of Blood, Cardiovascular System - Pass My Exams: Easy exam revision notes for GSCE Biology. [online] Available at: http://www.passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/biology/cardiovascular-system.html#:~:text=The%20body%20contains%20approximately%205 [Accessed 13 Feb. 2023].

HOW BLOOD IS OXYGENATED AND HOW DOES BLOOD FLOW?at the end of the systematic circuit (moran,J.2021) Moran,J.(2021) "the circulatory system, slide 8",[medium], LSC-10074;Physiology and Anatomy, Keele Univeristy.

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE -www.youtube.com. (n.d.). GCSE Science Revision Biology ‘Cardiovascular Diseases’. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5wSfCZESRHU.

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