Analgesics

Unit-7

ANALGESICS

Health and cheerfulness naturally beget each other

An analgesics is a drug that relieves pain. Analgesics are also known as painkillers. The term analgesic refers to a medication that relieves pain without loss of consciousness.

What are analgesics?

Mild analgesics

Mild analgesics are used for mild to moderate pain, such as caused by myalgia, headache, and toothache.

More potent analgesics

More potent analgesics are narcotics or opioids, because they contain or are derived from opium. They induce stupor (condition of near unconsciousness with reduced mental and physical activity). These are used only to relieve severe pain because they may produce dependence (habit formation) and tolerance.

narcotic analgesic

Morphine is an example of a narcotic analgesic.

poppy plant

morphine

Non-narcotic analgesics

Some non-narcotic analgesics reduce fever, pain and inflammation and are used in rheumatic (joint) disorders. These agents are not steroid hormones (such as cortisone) and are known as non-steroid hormones (such as cortisone) and are known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. NSAIDS act on tissues to inhibit prostaglandins (hormone like substances that sensitize peripheral pain receptors), NSAIDs are most effective at relieving mild pain. They are particularly effective at relieving muscular pain, dental pain & pain associated with pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS) or rheumatic disease.

GRAMMAR

ДҮРЭМ

Passive Voice Present Simple Үйл үгийн идэвхгүй хэвийн - энгийн одоо цаг. Англи хэлэнд голдуу хэрэглэгддэг. Object+am/is/ are+PastParticiple. Жнь: Vitamins are contained in foods. Амин дэмүүд нь хоол хүнсэнд агуулагддаг. Хоол хүнс амин дэм агуулдаг. тэгэгддэг ингэгддэг гэсэн нөхцөл, шууд орчуулж болох ба бас монгол өгүүлбэрийн утгаар орчуулж болно.

to+ infinitive ( үйл үгийн хувираагүй хэлбэр ) нь бас зорилго заадаг ба тэгэхийн тулд ингэхийн тулд, тэгэх ингэх гэж ингэх гэж гэх мэт зорилго заасан утгыг илэрхийлнэ. Жнь. To study English, you have to be consistent.

These They - pronoun - эдгээр, тэд гэсэн утгатай төлөөний нэр. Өмнө нь дурьдсан үгийг ба өгүүлбэрийг дахин дурьдахын оронд төлөөний нэрээр төлөөлүүлж хэрэглэнэ. Жнь: Do you know about analgesics? They are medicines! Analgesics гэсэн үгээ they төлөөний нэрээр төлөөлүүлжээ.

answer the following questions:

1. What is the synonym of analgesic? 2. More potent analgesics aren't derived from opium. T F 3. What is the example of narcotic analgesic? 4. What is stupor? 5. What analgesics are used in severe pain? 6. What analgesics are the most effective for mild pain? 7. What is prostaglandin? 8. Some analgesics are derived from opium. T F 9. What is ibuprofen?

READING

унших

Morphine

Morphine is distilled down from raw opium. Opium comes from poppy plant. It is an extremely powerful painkiller that doctors use to control intense and chronic pain. Doctors prescribe morphine for chronic pain due to cancers and other deadly diseases where addiction is not an issue because death is inevitable and for intense acute pain due to an extreme injury. The DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is a United States federal law enforcement agency) and other agencies strictly monitor morphine use but it is still sold illegally on the black market.

Exercise 1. Answer the following questions:

1. From what is morphine made? 2. Who prescribe morphine for what? 3. Why do DEA and other agencies monitor morphine use?

Exercise 2. Match the words.

mild analgesic, stupor, prostaglandin, analgesic, NSAIDs, morphine, opium, analgesic, agent 1. Painkiller... 2. Substance... 3. A substance dervided from... 4. Condition of near unconsciousness... 5. Hormone like substances... 6. Analgesic that inhibits pain receptor... 7. Drug that distilled from opium... 8. Medicine used for headache...

READING EXERCISE

унших дасгал

Ibuprofen

• Ibuprofen is a well-known drug that possesses analgesic (pain-relieving) and antipyretic (fever-reducing) properties.
• It is particularly known for its use in pain relief from arthritis.
• Ibuprofen was discovered by Dr. Stewart Adams and his colleagues in the United Kingdom in the 1950s, patented in 1961, and first made available in 1969.

• It became available in the United States in 1974.. Ibuprofen tablets are sold under the trade names Advil and Motrin.

• The chemical name of ibuprofen is 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propanoic acid.
• Ibuprofen also has anti-inflammatory properties, and it belongs to a class of therapeutic agents known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDS.

EXERCISE 3. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. When was Ibuprofen discovered? 2. What is the use of ibuprofen? 3. Who discovered ibuprofen? 4. When was it available? 5. When was it available in the USA? 6. What are the properties of ibuprofen?

GRAMMAR

ДҮРЭМ

1. If - хэрэв,...вал нөхцөл, болзол заасан уг

2. to+ infinitive ( үйл үгийн хувираагүй хэлбэр ) нь бас зорилго заадаг ба тэгэхийн тулд ингэхийн тулд, тэгэх ингэх гэж ингэх гэж гэх мэт зорилго заасан утгыг илэрхийлнэ. Жнь: To study English, you have to be consistent.

3. verb+ing үйл үг дээр +ing дагавар залгавал бас ж, ч тэгж, ингэж гэсэн утга илэрхийлнэ. Жнь protecting - хамгаалж

4. It-pronoun - энэ, тэр гэсэн утгатай төлөөний нэр. Өмнө нь дурьдсан үгийг ба өгүүлбэрийг дахин дурьдахын оронд төлөөний нэрээр төлөөлүүлж хэрэглэнэ. Жнь. I watched a movie yesterday. It was interesting. Movie гэсэн үгээ it төлөөний нэрээр төлөөлүүлжээ.

HOMEWORK

Page number 102-4, and 105-7

That's all

THANKS!