8 synchronous session 2022 History, contexts & contents

Developing Communicative Skills: Speaking

History, contents and contexts Prof. Sandra Camelo

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Interactional language use.Communication games. Problem solving. Information gaps. Negotiation of meaning. Multi-media presentations.

Speaking skills

Micro-skills:Pronunciation, stress, intonation, discourse features.

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Oral interaction& Expression

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Oral interaction & Expression (McDonough & Shaw, 1993)

1. Express ideas and opinions 2. Express a wish or desire to do something 3. Negotiate and/or solve a particular problem 4. Establish and maintaining social relationships and friendships

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Characteristics:

1. Incomplete sentences2. Little subordination, few passives, few logical connectors 3. Pragmatic meaning and cultural references 4. Pause fillers 5. Repetitions, replacing and refining expressions 6. Topic comment structure

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Characteristics:

1. Incomplete sentences2. Little subordination, few passives, few logical connectors 3. Pragmatic meaning and cultural references 4. Pause fillers 5. Repetitions, replacing and refining expressions 6. Topic comment structure

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 Variation in speed Loudness or quietness  Gestures - body language  Intonation  Stress  Rhythm  Pitch range  Pausing and phrasing

Communicative exchanges:

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 Boundary exchanges: teachers initiate and indicate the shift from one section of the lesson to the following one.  Teaching exchanges: learners ask questions that are consequently responded. (Sinclair and Coulthard, 1975)

Communicative exchange in the classroom:

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Participant roles

Student-centred classroom Three-part exchange ( teacher’s initial move;  learner’s response; teacher’s follow up move)

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Collaborative Learning

Students have a role in the class Promotion of pair and group work Communication among students (L1, TL) Cultural awareness and social competence

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 Explicit correction Recast or reformulation Clarification request Metalinguistic clues (grammatical or metalanguage) Elicitation (Can you say that again?) Repetition

Speakingcorrection techniques

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Teacher's shadow Correction Drill Correction Table Correction symbols

While Speaking Correction

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Speaking graph - printed (quantity, time, wrong tenses, missing prepositions, wrong words, mispronunciation, fluency ) Manual Chart Booing / cheering correction Correction symbols Writing rules to avoid/show mistakes

Post- Speaking Correction

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Task-based activities: Learners use the language as a mean to complete a task. Topic-based activities Learners discuss a topic.

Speaking Activities

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Task-based activities: open closed with a single goal two-way tasks result in an increased negotiation of meaning planned output, time delimited unpplaned

Speaking Activities

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- Dialogues. -Monologues. -Brainstorming. - Role play. - Problem solving. - Questions and answers. - Debates -Discussions. -Mediation. - Stories and storytelling. - Communication games.

Speaking Activities

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Speaking Activities

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Which is the most engaging speaking activity you have ever carried out?

https://www.menti.com/x1pe4iu1rp

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Let's see the results

Questions time!

Assignment Test