Developmental Theory

DEVELOPMENTAL

theory

CONTENTS

Growth and Development in Infants

Moral Development

Theory of Cognitive Development

Pyschosocial Theory

Constructive-Developmental Theory

GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT in infants

ITS A BOY!

It

includes:

i. Weightii. Height iii. Head circumference iv. Body proportion v. Body systems vi. Teeth

PHYSICAL GROWTH

- Physiologic changes that occur in the infant year reflect both the increasing maturity and growth of body organs.

- It progress systematically from gross to fine motor.It includes: i. Gross motor - ability to accomplish large body movements. ii. Fine motor - ability to coordinate hand movements.

Let's walk!

MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

Motor

Movements

- The maturation of senses proceeds step by step during the infant year.It includes: i. Vision ii. Hearing iii. Touch iv. Taste

DEVELOPMENT OF SENSES

Fun!

, , , , , , , ,

Development of Senses

STEP BY STEP PROCESS OF INFANT MATURATION

i. VISION

ii. HEARING

• 1-month-old: can see an object in their midline
• 3-month-old: can follow an object across the midline
• 7-month-old: can pat their own image in the mirror

• 1-month-old: get quiet momentarily at a specific time
• 3-month-old: can turn their head & locate the sound.

iii. TOUCH

iv. TASTE

• Infants demonstrate that they have an acute sense of taste by turning away or spitting out a taste they do not want.

• Infants need to be touched or experience skin-to-skin contact.

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

- socialization or learning how to interact

-6-month-old infants are still unaware of object permance, while a 10-month-old does.

stages of moral development

By Lawrence Kohlberg's

- Identified three levels of moral reasoning: Preconventional moralityConventional morality Postconventional morality

Lawrence Kohlberg

learn more

Three Levels of Moral Reasoning

Preconventional morality

Conventional morality

- It is characterized by the acceptance of social rules concerning right and wrong.

- A child's moral decisions are based on the physical consequences of actions.

Postconventional morality

- It is characterized by individual's understanding of universal ethical principle.- It also emphasizes the prevention of life at all cost and the importance of human dignity.

Theory of Cognitive Development

By Jean Piaget

- A Swiss pychologist, keen observer of children.- A children's cognitive development follow a natural succession of stages.

Jean Piaget

learn more

What is cognitive development?

- It is a development of knowledge or general understanding.

THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

- It refers to the manner through which an individual comes to know and understand the world- Piaget's ideas remains as one of the most prominent influences in developmental psychology.

FIRST

FOUR STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

0-2

SECOND

yrs. old

2-7

learn more

yrs. old

learn more

THIRD

7-11

FOURTH

yrs. old

learn more

11 +

yrs. old

learn more

PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY

By Erik Erikson

Erik Erikson

learn more

Erik erikson

• US psychoanalyst
• He believe that there is much variation in how people cope with each stage which influences how they cope with subsequent stages.

Psychosocial tHEORY

• According to Erikson, we all go through eight stages of psychosocial development throughout the life cycle.
• In his view, each stage involving a personal or social relationship and some kind of psychosocial crisis is likely to occur.

Psychosocial

Erik

Theory

Erikson

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY

01

TRUST VS. MISTRUST

- The infant is totally dependent upon others for survival.- The fundamental task in this stage is the achievement of basic sense of trust that someone will protect, care for, and nurtture him.

S T A G E S

02

AUTONOMY VS. SHAME

- The child learns to walk, talk, and use his hands.- The child begins to make choices and express his will.

03

INITIATIVE VS. GUILT

- The child begins to expplore his social and physical world.- The child becomes gradually aware of various social roles presented by his environment - If the child is punished for attempts to establish initiative behavoir, he may develop a sense of guilt.

04

COMPETENCE VS. INFERIOTY

- The child's world broadens.- Technical skills are learned and feelings of competence enlarge.

STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY

05

IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION

- Individual's struggle is based not only on societal demands as an emerging adult, but also on the physical changes taking place during this pubescent age.

S T A G E S

06

INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION

- Individual develops a warm and intimate relationship with another person.

07

GENERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION

- Individual's productivity gauged by his/her contribution to family and society.

08

INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR

- A person comes to terms with the temporal limits of his life.- It is the fulfillment and culmination of psychosocial development of the previous stages.

COnstructive-dEVELOPMENTAL THEORY

By Robert Kegan

- It focuses on individuals' evolving ways of interpreting his/her experience, starting in infancy and throughout the entire lifespan.

Robert

Kegan

learn more

KEGAN'S STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

ORDERS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

3. SOCIALIZED MIND

1. IMPULSIVE MIND

35% OF ADULTS

6 YRS. OLD TO TEEN & SOME ADULTS

Under development: self-authorship, identity, & ideaology

Under development: needs, interest, & desires

POST-TEENS & MOST ADULTS

2-6 YRS. OLD

Under development: interpersonal relationship & mutuality

Under development: impulses & perception

2. INSTRUMENTAL MIND

4. SELF-AUTHORING MIND

KEGAN'S STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

ORDERS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

5. SELF-TRANSFORMING MIND

LESS THAN 1% OF ADULTS

Under development: dialectic among ideologies

REPORTERS

BSN1-A

Zaira

Sheereen

Christian

Mascardo

Marcella

Songalia

learn more

learn more

learn more

THAnk

YOU!