Eritrea Project

Eritrea

Isabella Roden Arrabali

Contents page

• Quick Facts
• Flag
• A Brief History
• Geography
• Mountains & Rivers
• Wildlife
• Cuisine
• Famous People
• Haben Girma
• Famous Places To Visit
• Famous Architecture

Quick FACTS

• Eritrea is a small country with a total population of around 6 million people. Located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa.

• The government of Eritrea is a one-party dictatorship. The president is called Isaias Afwerki and the Human Rights Watch said in a report that the government’s human rights in Eritrea are one of the worst in the world.

• The currency of Eritrea is the Nakfa.

• There is no single official or working language in Eritrea. Instead, three languages are used as official languages in the country. These are Tigrinya, Arabic, and English. There are atleast nine languages spoken in total.

• Eritrea is roughly 50% Christian and 50% Muslim, with both religions living alongside each other peacefully.

• There are nine recognised ethnic groups in Eritrea.

• Women played a great role in the freedom of Eritrea. With more than 30% of women freedom fighters.

• Eritrea has the oldest port of Africa. It is called Port Adulis .This city was established in 100 AD.

• Eritrea’s coastal location has long been important in its history and culture—a fact reflected in its name which is an Italianized version of Mare Erythraeum, Latin for “Red Sea.

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• The National Flag of Eritrea was officially adopted on December 5, 1995.

• The Flag of Eritrea has three triangles of the colours red, green, and blue.

• The green colour symbolises the country’s livestock and agricultural economy.

• The blue colour symbolises the bounty of the sea.

• The red colour signifies the bloodshed in the fight for freedom.

• The olive wreath with 30 leaves represents the number of years for which the civil war was fought in Eritrea to gain independence.

Flag

A brief HIstory

• Eritrea was originally part of the empire of Aksum. It was linked to the Ethiopian kingdom. It remained independent until it fell under the rule of the Ottoman Empire in the 1500s. From the 1600s to the 1800s, the rule of the land was disputed. Ethiopia, the Ottomans, the kingdom of Tigray, Egypt, and Italy all claimed the land.

• In 1889 Italy and Ethiopia signed a treaty that made Eritrea a colony of Italy.

• In 1941 the area came under British rule, and in 1952 it was given to Ethiopia. Eritrea fought for 30 years to gain independence, succeeding in 1991.

Geography

• In addition to the Red Sea, Eritrea borders Ethiopia to the south, Djibouti to the southeast, and Sudan to the northwest. It includes the Dahlak Archipelago in the Red Sea.

• The Ethiopian Plateau extends into Eritrea from the south. The plateau is 6,500 feet high and is bordered by lower plains to the east and west. Several rivers have cut through the plateau to form ambas.

• There are great changes in height in Eritrea. As a result, the weather varies throughout the country. Generally, the areas along the coast are warmer and drier, while the areas in the highlands are cooler.

mountains & rivers

• There are a total of 159 mountains in Eritrea. Dega Mountain has the highest peak . It reaches 9,997 feet above sea level in the Debub region. This region is located in the southern area of Eritrea and shares a long border with Ethiopia and is covered in mountains and plains. Following this mountain, and in the same region, is the Amba Mossino peak, which reaches 9,967 feet in altitude.

• The Eritrean highlands are drained by four major rivers and numerous streams. Two of the rivers, the Gash and the Tekeze, flow westward into Sudan. The other two major rivers that drain the highlands are the Baraka and the Anseba. Both of these rivers flow northward into a marshy area on the eastern coast of Sudan and do not reach the Red Sea.

Wildlife

Like other African countries, Eritrea has buffalos, cheetahs, elephants, giraffes, and leopards. It is home to several rare species only found in this region, including the Nubian ibex and the African golden wolf. It is also home to the world’s only population of free-ranging African wild donkeys. The African wild donkey is a wild member of the horse family. It is related to both zebras and domestic donkeys. This adorable animal looks like a donkey with gray fur and zebra-striped legs. African wild donkeys are endemic to Eritrea and other eastern African countries.

CUISINE

• Eritrean cuisine is a combination of all the culinary traditions of the people of the country, its long history and the interconnection with other neighboring countries and their cultures.

• The most traditional dishes of Eritrean cuisine are tsebhi and injera. Tsebhi is the word that is used to describe various meat stews served with injera.

• Injera is a sour flatbread made from fermented teff flour.

However, Eritrean cuisine is varied. Some other Eritrean dishes are.....

FAMOUS PEOPLE

Eritrea does not have many people that would be recognised as famous outside of the country.There are now a number of people of Eritrean origin that are shooting to stardom.

Haben Girma

Haben was born in Oakland, California in 1988 to an Eritrean immigrant family. The first Deafblind person to graduate from Harvard Law School, Haben Girma is a human rights lawyer advancing disability justice. President Obama named her a White House Champion of Change. Haben has written a memoir takes readers on adventures around the world, including her parents’ homes in Eritrea and Ethiopia, building a school under the scorching Saharan sun, training with a guide dog in New Jersey, climbing an iceberg in Alaska, fighting for blind readers at a courthouse in Vermont, and talking with President Obama at The White House.

famous places to visit

• Massawa- The town sits right on the coast and the overall vibe here is relaxed. Overlooking the harbour in Massawa is the Imperial Palace.

• Dahlak Marine National Park- Surrounded by water and located in the Dahlak Archipelago is the Dahlak Marine National Park.This is a dense eco-system largely undisturbed by man. You’ll find turtles, dolphins, manta rays and over 300 species of fish. The many shipwrecks around the islands make for one of the most incredible diving experiences you’re likely to have.

• Dankalia -The portion of Dankalia located within Eritrea runs along the coast of the Red Sea for about 500 kilometres. Inland, the area is known as the Danakil depression and is considered to be the hottest place on Earth. It’s also one of the lowest points on Earth’s surface, having sunk over the years to about 400 feet below sea level.
• The surface is so thin here that lava oozes upward, constantly changing the landscape

Famous Architecture

Cinema ImperoOpened in 1937, the cinema’s stylish façade is considered a stunning example of 1930s movie theater design. The white letters are laid out vertically on a maroon splash of color banded by three white columns and round lights. At night, the backlit frontage is sublime.

The World Bank BuildingThe World Bank Building is a large Italian villa built in 1938 in a blend of Art Deco and Futurist styles. The mansion once belonged to a wealthy Italian emigrant and was later purchased by the World Bank for its headquarters.

Asmara Bowling AlleyA 1950s era Brunswick Bowling Alley may not be a highbrow work of modernist architecture, but it’s one of the most magical places you visit in Asmara even if all you do is throw gutterballs there.The place was built to entertain American soldiers who manned a nearby military listening station during the Cold War and is one of the last unspoiled bowling alleys from its era left in the world.

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