NUTRITION PROCESS

NUTRITIONprocess

TYPES OF NUTRITION

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

TROPHIC LEVELS

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

TYPES OF NUTRIENTS

InDEX

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

HETEROTHOPH NUTRITION

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

SYSTEMS INVOLVED IN NUTRITION

TYPES OF nutrition

All living things need nutrients to live and grow,

HETEROTROPHS

AUTOTROPHS

trophic levels

Trophic levels

trophic levels

Trophic levels

TYPES OF nutrients

Our body works to keep us healthy. For that reason, our diet must include different types of nutrients:

We also need oxygen to transform carbohydrates into energy.

heterotroph nutrition

Excrete waste and harmful substances.

Transform nutrients into molecules our body can use.

Take in nutrientes, like food, vitamins and oxygen.

Systems that work in the nutrition:

Digestive system

Excretory system

Respiratory system

Circulatory system

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Digestive system

The digestive system breaks down the food we take in and works with other systems to extract the nutrients and expel undigested waste. Digestion begins in the mouth as soon as we start eating.

Step 1

Our mouth

Step 2

The oesophagus

step 3

The stomach

step 4

The small intestine, liver and pancreas.

step 5

The large intestine.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM:

Delivers nutrients and oxygen to all the cells and tissues in the body.It has 3 main parts:

BLOOD

BLOOD VESSELS

HEART

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM:

Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrientes around the body.

They join together when the body is losing blood because of a cut in the skin. Then it stops bleeding.

Give blood its colour. They carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Fight infection. They surround and absorb germs which enter the body.

It´s a yellowish liquid which is 90% water. It carries the nutrients and waste products.

BLOOD

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM:

THEY TRANSPORT THE BLOOD. THERE ARE 3 TYPES:

Carry blood with oxygen from the heart to the rest of the body.

ARTERIES

Carry blood with carbon dioxide back to the heart.

VEINS

Tiny blood vessels that connect the arteries and veins. With very tiny walls so gases and nutrients can easily pass through them to the cells.

CAPILLARIES

BLOOD VESSELS

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM:

The top chambers are called the right and left atria and they receive blood coming into the heart.

A muscular organ with four chambers inside a thick muscular wall.

The bottom part is made up of the right and left ventricles.

The atria and the ventricles are separated by valves which prevent blood from flowing backwards.

Pumps blood around the body. It usually beats between 60 and 100 times per minute, but it can go faster, for example, when we do exercise and we need more oxygen.

HEART

CIRCULATIOn:

In the lungs, blood releases carbon dioxide and collects oxygen. Blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins.

The deoxygenated blood passes from the right atrium to the right ventricle. From there it leaves the heart via the pulmonary artery and travels to the lungs.

The oxygenated blood flows into the left atrium and then into the left ventricle. From there the blood is pumped through the biggest artery in the body (the aorta) to the rest of the body.

The deoxygenated blood passes from the capillaries to the small veins and then to the largest veins in the body called the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. These veins carry the blood to the heart and the process begins again.

The aorta carries the blood into small arteries and then to the capillaries. In the capillaries, the blood releases oxygen and nutrients into the cells and collects carbon dioxide and other waste substances.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

respiratorySYSTEM:

It is the body's gas exchange centre.It takes the oxygen our cells need and excrete de carbon dioxide that they produce .

When we breath, the air enters through the MOUTH and the NOSE. It passes through the pharynx and then to the TRACHEA or windpipe.

The trachea divides into two BRONCHI. Each one goes to one lung. Each bronchus then subdivided into smaller and smaller ones called BRONCHIOLES.

respiratorySYSTEM:

alveolus gas exchange

At the end of each bronchiole there are gas sacs called ALVEOLI.

GAS EXCHAGE takes place in the alveoli where oxygen passes from the alveoli to the capillaries and into the blood.

At the same time, carbon dioxide leaves the blood and enters the alveoli. The CO2 goes through the bronchioles to the bronchi and the trachea and finally outside.

respiratorySYSTEM:

Below our lungs, there is a muscle called DIAPHRAGM

When we take a breath, our DIAPHRAGM contracts and lowers.

This movement help us inhale and exhale.

INHALATION The diaphragm contracts (pulls down) increasing the space. This way the ribs and lungs expand and the air fill your lungs.

EXHALATION The diaphragm relaxes reducing the space. This way the ribs and lungs forces the air out.

respiratorySYSTEM:

INHALATION

The way oxygen travels is: nose and mouth→ trachea→ bronchi→ bronchioles→ alveoli → blood vessels

When we breathe in, the diaphragm pulls down. The ribs and lungs expand and the air fills the lungs.

The oxygen travels to from the bronchiolos to the alveoli and then to the blood vessels.

respiratorySYSTEM:

The blood leaves the carbon dioxide in the alveoli. Then travels through the bronchioles to the lungs.

EXHALATION

The way CO2 travels is: blood vessels → alveoli → bronchioles → bronchi → trachea → nose and mouth.

The diaphragm relaxes and rises. The ribs and lungs move back in.

Carbon dioxide is pushed out of the lungs and back up the trachea and mouth or nose. This happens when we breathe out.

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

excretorySYSTEM:

The excretory system eliminates (or excrete) waste products that are harmfull for our body.Our body excretes carbon dioxide, urine and water. It has 2 main parts:

SWEAT GLANDS

URINARY SYSTEM

excretorySYSTEM:

URINARY SYSTEM

The renal arteries carry blood to the kidneys (2 small organs).

The urinary BLADDER stores the urine. When it is about half-full, it sends signals to the brain that it needs to be emptied. The sphincter then opens and expels the urine into the URETHRA.

The KIDNEYS filter the blood to remove waste substances and excess of water from it. These combination forms the urine.

Through the URETHRA , urine leave our body.

Urine leaves the kidneys and passes down through two tubes called the URETERS.

excretorySYSTEM:

SWEAT glands

Our skin is also part of the excretory system. Sweat glands are spread all over our skin. They produce sweat to control our body temperature and eliminate toxic substances

When it is very hot or we exercise our body temperature rises.

SWEAT GLANDS then, produce sweat (a mixture of water, salts and waste products).

The sweat comes out through tiny holes called PORES.

The sweat evaporates. This way our body expel waste substances and cools down.

SWEAT GLANDS