Unit 1 - Assignment 2

Unit 1 - The UK Aviation Industry Assignment 2

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Task 1

P8 & P9 - Analyse the role of regulatory bodies and trade associations to the UK aviation industry P10 - Analyse the role of ancillary organisations in relation to aviation M4 - Take the analysis of regulatory bodies, trade associations and ancillary organisations further by evaluating how they all fit together to provide a supportive framework which keeps the industry safe and secure.

Overall understanding of regulatory bodies, trade association and ancillary organisations

Regulatory bodies, trade associations and ancillary organisations exist to support the needs of aviation. They have varied structures, purposes and benefits to the industry. Some are established by statute, some governmental, some membership based, some with semi- or full-commercial intentions. IASTI® and ENGAP UK themselves fit into this category. The role of the regulatory bodies is to establish the rules and regulations, promulgate them and ensure compliance.The role of the is to promote and support the needs of industry and finally the role of the Ancillary Organisations is t o provide goods and services to the industry.

Analysis the role of regulatory bodies

The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) is responsible for the regulation of aviation safety in the UK, determining policy for the use of airspace, the economic regulation of Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted airports, the licensing and financial fitness of airlines and the management of the ATOL financial protection scheme for holidaymakers. Role of regulatory bodies, in relation to aviation: role of regulatory bodies (to establish the rules and regulations that govern the industry, to promulgate rules and regulations and to ensure compliance with rules and regulations)  International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)  Civil Aviation Authority (CAA)  UK Border Force  National Air Traffic Service (NATS)  police  Department for Transport – security (TRANSEC)

What is a 'regulatory body'? It is to set the minimum standards that aviation needs to me – and ideally exceed! As already mentioned the role of a regulatory bodies is to establish the rules and regulations, promulgate them and ensure compliance. In order to complete its role as a regulatory body it requires a system to: - Set the standards -Promulgate them to organisations and people -Audit against them to ensure compliance -Develop them for changes and new technologies For this assignment I will be talking about Civil Aviation authority or even know as the CAA

International Civil Aviation Organization

Civil Aviation Authority

The International Civil Aviation Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. Its core function is to maintain an administrative and expert bureaucracy (the ICAO Secretariat) supporting these diplomatic interactions, and to research new air transport policy and standardization innovations as directed and endorsed by governments through the ICAO Assembly, or by the ICAO Council which the assembly elects. The following States were elected from among ICAO's 193 Member States to the Organization's 36 Member Governing Council during the 2019 ICAO Assembly. What does ICAO regulate? Who's responsible? The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a specialist agency of the United Nations set up to define international safety, environmental and operating standards for civil aviation.

The Civil Aviation Authority is the statutory corporation which oversees and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the United Kingdom. Its areas of responsibility include: Supervising the issuing of pilots' licences, testing of equipment, calibrating of navaids, and many other inspections The CAA has two roles, the CAA promotes competition with the aim of providing better value flights, more options and protection from risk. Another role of the CAA is to reduce the effect that the aviation industry has on the environment. The CAA regulates by the Department for Transport to investigate and prosecute breaches of aviation safety rules and some aviation related consumer protection and health and safety requirements. It is in the public interest that those who comply with aviation rules have confidence that those rules are enforced

UK Border Force

National Air Traffic Service (NATS)

Border Force is a law-enforcement command within the Home Office, responsible for frontline border control operations at air, sea and rail ports in the United Kingdom The UK border force are responsible for: checking the immigration status of people arriving in and departing the UK. searching baggage, vehicles and cargo for illicit goods or illegal immigrants. patrolling the UK coastline and searching vessels. The UK border force regulates by being is a law enforcement command within the Home Office. Border Force secures the border and promotes national prosperity by facilitating the legitimate movement of individuals and goods, whilst preventing those that would cause harm from entering the UK.

NATS Holdings, formerly National Air Traffic Services and commonly referred to as NATS, is the main air navigation service provider in the United Kingdom. It inherited the traditions of UK air traffic control, which was the world's first air traffic control regime The NATS regulate by moving aircraft safely and efficiently through the airspace system. Controllers keep aircraft set distances apart while moving them from airport to airport using set routes. In the UK aircraft in the airways system are handled by NATS.

Police

Department for Transport – security (TRANSEC)

Law enforcement in the United Kingdom is organised separately in each of the legal systems of the United Kingdom: England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. Most law enforcement is carried out by police officers serving in regional police services within one of those jurisdictions The police play as a regulator as their work involves specialized security requirements of an airport including traffic direction, assisting with the arrest and detention of persons suspected of violating local, state or federal laws or regulations, vehicular and foot patrols, report writing and participation in training sessions on airport related issues

As the transport industries' security regulator, TRANSEC devises and enforces security measures that take account of the nature and magnitude of the threat. The measures also consider the financial and operational costs to the industry and the consequences of a terrorist attack. TRANSEC is responsible for regulating maritime security and monitoring compliance in the UK. It also works to protect UK maritime operations overseas, including by pressing for higher standards and better implementation internationally. providing policy, guidance, and funding to English local authorities to help them run and maintain their road networks, improve passenger and freight travel, and develop new major transport schemes investing in, maintaining and operating around 4,300 miles of the motorway and trunk road network in England through Highways England setting the strategic direction for the rail industry in England and Wales – funding investment in infrastructure through Network Rail, awarding and managing rail franchises, and regulating rail fares improving English bus services through funding and regulation working to make our roads less congested and polluted by promoting lower carbon transport, including cycling and walking encouraging the use of new technology such as smart ticketing and low carbon vehicles maintaining high standards of safety and security in transport supporting the maritime sector by producing the overall strategy and planning policy for ports in England and Wales setting national aviation policy, working with airlines, airports, the Civil Aviation Authority and NATS (the UK’s air traffic service)

The role of ancillary organisations

Ancillary organisations has a very big impact on the aviation industry especially when it comes to saftey of the passengers For example a aircraft and engine manufacturers are some of the most important job roles as without them doing their jobs for the industry there wouldnt be planes flying in the air and without thousands of them employed for those roles the aircraft suply demand wouldnt be on an increase of thousands of airlines of ordering new planes. Simple jobs aside the ancillary organisations like cleaning companies are very important aswell. During covid making sure planes, buildings and most places where people touch needed to be sanitized which the meaning companies were working. During covid I believe if there was no cleaning companies helping out a lot more people would have been scared of flying in risk of getting covid as places aren't being sanitized. Fuel suppliers are also very important as the planes can't fly without fuel. Although fuel is sold for expensive prices it is a key job in the industry as without strong, efficient fuel suppliers planes would not be able to operate

The role of ancillary organisations (to provide goods and services to the aviation industry. Theese include: -aircraft manufacturers - engine manufacturers - airline engineering and maintenance companies - in-flight catering companies - fuel suppliers - cleaning companies - handling agents - retail operations, e.g. shops and restaurants in airport, currency exchange, airport lounges - onward travel, e.g. car rental, taxi, public transport - car parking operators (on site, off site) - tour operators, travel agents - freight forwarders

Trade associations

The Airport Operators Association’s members include over 50 airports and more than 150 Associate Members, made up of companies representing a wide range of suppliers in the aviation industry. Working on behalf of these members, the AOA’s mission is to influence governments, regulators and opinion formers at national and international level, in order to secure the policy outcomes that will deliver its vision. This includes playing a leading role in security, economic development, operations and safety and environmental sustainability issues. The AOA’s members include over 50 airports and more than 150 Associate Members, made up of companies representing a wide range of suppliers in the aviation industry.

Trade Associations exist to promote and support the needs of industry. They are often membership or subscription-based and have many roles and responsibilities. For example (there are many): IATA - the International Air Transport Association is the trade association for the world’s airlines, representing some 290 airlines or 83% of total air traffic. It supports many areas of aviation activity and help formulate industry policy on critical aviation issues.​ ACA – the Air Charter Association AOA – the Airport Operators Association ADS / BAG - the trade organisation advancing UK Aerospace, Defence, Security and Space industries

Analysis of regulatory bodies, trade associations and ancillary organisations and how they ensure safety and security in the aviation industry + evaluation

Moving onto trade associations who play the lead role in security which shows how they ensure security is one of the most important parts of aviation. Trade associations try to influence governments, regulators and opinion formers at national and international level, in order to secure the policy outcomes that will deliver its vision. This includes playing a leading role in security. Finally we have Ancillary organisations who are able to show safety through their jobs. Engine and aircraft manufactures are trusted to do their jobs in order to create a plane that is able to fly ensuring there aren't any faults that could harm the passengers. There is also roles like the cleaning crews who ensure safety for passengers ensuring they are less likely to catch and illness or virus through travelling inside airport terminals Working all together they are able to create one strong covering most of the aviation industry making sure there is safety for passengers and employees as well as the UK citizens.

All 3 regulatory bodies, trade associations and ancillary organisations have big roles in the aviation industry and working as one they are able to create one big strong team in order keep the aviation industry going yet ensuring its safe and secure. Regulator bodies such as the UK border force and police are able to keep passengers safe. Border force are trained to spot out people who are up to mischief ensuring no one dangerous is able to enter the country or people with illegal substances stashed inside their bags or even simple things such as items or food that aren't allowed into the country as it could cause a virus. On the other hand of regulator bodies we have the police as already mentioned. Inside the UK police have power through the law able to make arrests and search people. You usually see police walking through airports usually armed to ensure passengers safety from the terminal to the plane.

Task 2

p7 - explain how the GA organisations operate m3 - expand and focus on 3 different types of GA organisations to analyse their role and highlight links between them and other aviation sectors

How does the GA organisations operate

For the general aviation organization to work fluently other organization have work together to achieve that. we have also seen that the aircraft operator not just only operates the aircraft but deals with most if not all aspect of it, ranging from training to the actual operating the aircraft with different operations. The management and control operation prevents collision of aircraft and organize the flow of traffic and also control people and goods coming in and out of the airport. The last but not lease the airfield operations monitor and ensure safety of the airfield by adhering to the federal aviation administration safety regulations.

General Aviation (GA) is defined by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) as "all civil aviation operations other than scheduled air services and non-scheduled air transport operations for remuneration or hire". There are different types of operations such as: - Aircraft operator - Airfield operator -Management control General aviation is one the most important sectors in the aviation industry, GA has three types of organization aircraft operator, airfield operator and management and control each organization covers a vast number of operations to help the operation to run smooth for the industry is very demanding.

Aircraft operator

The aircraft operator has many roles in order to their job. These are: -Must ensure that compliance for the requirements of the air worthiness directive (AD) is met. -Keep emission low -Offers pilot training -Offers certification through European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) -Offers recreation operations -Offers emergency transportation

They make decisions about what type of aircraft they operate, what engines they equip aircraft with, and to which airports they fly those aircraft. Aircraft operators can also modify aircraft to reduce noise impacts and invest in newer fleets

Airfield operator

The Airfield operator has many roles in order to their job. Some of these are: -Ensure airfields are safe -Direct emergency response units. -Air traffic control and airfield operator Coordinate the activities of the aircraft.

Duties include coordination between air-traffic control and maintenance personnel, dispatching, using airfield landing and navigational aids, implementing airfield safety procedures, monitoring and maintaining flight records, and applying knowledge of weather information.

Management control

The management control has many roles in order to their job. Some of these are: -control the passage of goods and people traveling to and from the UK. -Air traffic coordinates air traffic movements -Alert response team when there is an emergency -Controls all ground traffic

Typical duties can include: Directing administrative and managerial functions, from budgeting and cost control to hiring and training. Ensuring airport personnel move passengers, luggage and freight through the airport efficiently. Overseeing compliance with airport policies and procedures.

Conclusion

All the organization works together to allow this very diverse very vast industry works seamlessly. From the linking of organization to different sector to help in achieving respective objectives and aim this will also help to minimize the disturbance in airport cash flow by just negotiate agreements (Faulhaber, J. 2010). Another the relationship between the airline and airport operator that they now have a more effective way to communicate any occurrence. what I have also realized is that all the three-general aviation operation have a pointer or two in common with their role these are they call have a linkage in the response to the emergency response and the airfield operator works alongside the management and control to allow save air traffic control.

Task 3

D1 Using the information obtained, discuss the scale of the UK aviation industry. Comment on trends for the industry and the organisations that operate within it and how they link. Note: Consider the operating characteristics perhaps commenting on contrasting characteristics, such as airlines employ more staff than airports, where the main airports and airlines are located and how they might compare financially.

D1

The scale of the industry have seen some dramatic turns over the last years due to the global pandemic. The demand for the industry saw a sudden downfall forcing airlines and airports to sack employees as no one was wanting to travel. however moving to present day we can see how the demand is back up there. Roughly around 4.5 billion passengers travelled in 2019 however in 2020 when covid became a thing only 1.8 billion passengers. Due to passengers not buying tickets and plane journeys becoming emptier day by day it became clear to airlines that they are going see a big financial lost. Around 43 airlines became bankrupt. without hundreds of planes and thousands of passenger landing at airports most employees jobs were becoming questioned as there job was starting to become a waste of money.

D1

However the scale of industry is looking to see a brighter future as in 2021 the industry was once again seeing passengers start to travel. With passengers buying tickets, showing how the demand is still there with in the industry. Although 62,000 people had lost their jobs due to covid it meant that high demand they would need more employees to handle the demand so people were able to get there jobs back. With the industry back on the increase organisations such as CAA and ICAO had to increase there measure for the safety and security side in order to make sure that the passengers travelling through air are safe.

D1

Ancillary groups in specific the cleaning crew within the aviation job had one of the most important jobs with in the industry as cleanliness was the most important thing to staying safe during covid times. without there help the aviation industry probably wouldn't have see an increase in demand suddenly the next year as people felt more comfortable knowing that airports are being cleaned to allow passengers to travel with less risk of getting covid. Obviously with tragedies in aviation such a 9/11 which caused nearly 3000 deaths have people scared flying. However regulators such as the police work with the aviation industry to ensure that all passengers are safe when traveling though terminals. Ensuring passengers are safe