WATER POLLUTION PRESENTATION

WATERPOLLUTION

GROUP 1

Elaizah Mariz Lindog Franzine Manalo Irrish Shane Convento Rebecca Villalobos Marie Antonette Flores Lance Tulay

Water Pollution

Any physical, biological, or chemical change in water quality that adversely affects living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired uses.

THE

SORCE OF

WATER POLLUTION

SOURCE OF WATER POLLUTION:

POINT SOURCES

All industries that generate waste water

NONPOINT SOURCES

Scattered or diffuse, having no specific location where they discharge into a particular body of water.

MAJOR

CATEGORIES

OF WATER POLLUTANTS

02

Organic Chemicals

01

Infectious Agent

Causes Health Problems:

04

03

Radioactive Materials Production, Natural Sources

Inorganic Chemicals

02

Plant Nutrients

01

Causes Ecosystem Disruption :

Sediments

03

04

Oxygen- Demnading Waste

Thermal

MAJOR CATEGORIES OF WATER POLLUTANTS:

The most serious water pollutants in terms of human health worldwide

The main source of these pathogens is untreated or improperly treated human wastes.

Detecting specific pathogens in water is difficult, time consuming, and costly; thus, water quality control personnel usually analyze water for the presence of coliform bacteria, any of the many types that live in the colon or intestines of humans and other animals.

The most common of these is Escherichia coli (E. coli). Many strains of bacteria are normal symbionts in mammals, but some, such as Shigella, Salmonella, or Lysteria, can cause fatal diseases.

Pathogenic Organism

OXYGEN LEVELS

The amount of oxygen dissolved in water is a good indicator of water quality and of the kinds of life it will support

Water with an oxygen content of 6 ppm will support game

Water with less than 2 ppm oxygen will support mainly worms, bacteria, fungi, and other detritus feeders and decomposers.

Oxygen is added to water by diffusion from the air, especially when turbulence and mixing rates are high, and by photosynthesis of green plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.

Oxygen is removed from water by respiration and chemical processes that consume oxygen

Organic waste, such as sewage, paper pulp, or food waste, is rich in nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus.

OXYGEN LEVELS

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

It is the amount of dissolved oxygen that must be present in water in order for microorganisms to decompose the organic matter in the water

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

It uses a strong oxidizing agent (dichromate ion in 50% sulfuric acid) to completely breakdown all organic matter in a water sample.

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

Content directly, using an oxygen electrode. The DO content of water depends on factors other than pollution.

Oxygen Sag

It is the oxygen decline downstream. Upstream from the pollution source, oxygen levels support normal populations of clean-water organisms. Immediately below the source of pollution, oxygen levels begin to fall as decomposers metabolize waste materials.

OXYGEN LEVELS

Further downstream, the water may become so oxygen-depleted that only the most resistant microorganisms and invertebrates can survive. This is called the “dead zone”.

EUTROPHICATION

Oligotrophic (oligo = little + trophic = nutrition) – rivers and lakes that have clear water and low biological productivity

Eutrophic (eu + trophic = truly nourished) – waters that are rich in organisms and organic materials.

As with BOD, nutrient enrichment sewage, fertilizer run-off, even decomposing leaves in street gutters can produce human-caused increase in biological productivity called cultural eutrophication.

Eutrophication has undesirable results.

The water often becomes cloudy or turbid and has unpleasant tastes and odors.

The largest algal bloom ever recorded in China has turned the Yellow Sea green.

Extensive dead zones often form where rivers dump oxygen depleting nutrients into estuaries and shallow seas

It appears that fish and other marine species die in these polluted zones not only because oxygen is depleted but also because high concentrations of harmful organisms.

Calumpang River with Eutrophication

INORGANIC POLLUTANTS

Inorganic Chemicals that Causes Water Pollution

Inorganic Chemicals that Causes Water Pollution

METALS

• Metals are highly persistent; therefore, they can accumulate in food webs and have a cumulative effect in top predators – including humans.

• Currently the most widespread toxic metal contamination problem in North America is mercury released from coal-burning power plants.

• Mine drainage and leaching of mining wastes are serious sources of metal pollution in water.

Inorganic Chemicals that Causes Water Pollution

NONMETALLIC SALTS

• Salts, such as sodium chloride, that are non-toxic at low concentrations also can be mobilized by irrigation and concentrated by evaporation, reaching levels that are toxic for many plants and animals.

• The largest human population threatened by naturally occurring arsenic in groundwater is in West Bengal, India, and eastern Bangladesh.

SELENIUM

• In 1980s there is a widespread chronic arsenic poisoning in Bengali village. The symptoms include watery and inflamed eyes, gastrointestinal cramps, gradual loss of strength, dry skin and skin tumors, anemia, confusion, and eventually death.

ARSENIC

Inorganic Chemicals that Causes Water Pollution

ACID AND BASES

• released as by-products of industrial processes

• Coal mining is the most significant source of acid water pollution.

• Aquatic damage due to acid precipitation has been reported in about 200 lakes in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State and in several thousand lakes in eastern Quebec, Canada.

• Increased acidity may result in leaching of toxic metals, especially aluminum, from soil and rocks, making water unfit for drinking or irrigation, as well.

ORGANIC POLLUTANTS

Include drugs, pesticides, and other industrial substances

The two most important sources of toxic organic chemicals in water are improper disposal of industrial and household wastes and runoff of pesticides from farm fields, forests, roadsides, golf courses, and other places where they are used in large quantities.

Countless other organic compounds also enter our water. People simply dump unwanted food, medicines, and health supplements down the toilet or sink. More often we consume more than our bodies can absorb, and we excrete the excess, which passes through sewage treatment facilities relatively unchanged.

OIL SPILLS

The release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity

Oil spills from shipwrecks and well blowouts, such as the 2010 explosion of the Deepwater Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico, can be disastrous for ecosystems and local economies.

According to the Smithsonian Institution, by far the greatest amount of oil leaked into the ocean every year comes from routine, intentional oil dumping.

On July 3, 2020, an oil spill from a power barge in Iloilo City due to an explosion and the oil reached Guimaras.

SEDIMENTS

A fine-grained particles like silt and clay, generally occurring as a result of soil erosion. As rainfall washes away bare soil or a stream erodes a muddy bank, sediment makes it into waterways.

How to prevent sedimentation:

sediment barriers

turbidity curtains

storm drain filters

THERMAL POLLUTION

Raising or lowering water temperatures from normal levels can adversely affect water quality and aquatic life.

Occur where power plants and other industries use water in their cooling systems and then discharge the warm water into a lake or river.

Causes of Thermal Pollution:

01

02

Nuclear power plants

Coal-fired power plants

04

03

Hydroelectric power generation

Soil erosion

Water Quality Today

98%

"Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004" - Republic Act No. 9275

Sweden population with at least secondary sewage treatment

70%

96%

China's surface water is unsafe for human consumption

All urban areas in the world enjoy improved water

Water Quality

Source Reduction

• The cheapest and most effective way to reduce pollution is usually to avoid producing it or releasing it to the environment in the first place.

• Elimination of lead from gasoline has resulted in a widespread and significant decrease in the amount of lead in surface waters in the United States.

• Industry can reduce pollution by recycling or reclaiming materials that otherwise might be discarded in the waste.

Controlling Nonpoint Sources

• Among the greatest remaining challenges in water pollution control are diffuse, nonpoint pollution sources.

• Unlike point sources, nonpoint sources have many origins and numerous routes by which contaminants enter ground and numerous routes by which contaminants enter ground and surface water.

Main Causes of Nonpoint Pollution

Agriculture

Urban runoff

The EPA estimates that 60% of all impaired or threatened surface waters are affected by sediment from eroded fields and overgrazed pastures; fertilizers, pesticides, and nutrients from croplands; and animal wastes from feedlots.

Pollutants carried by runoff from streets, parking lots, and industrial sites contain salts, oily residues, rubber, metals, and many industrial toxins.

Main Causes of Nonpoint Pollution

Construction Sites

Land Disposal

certain kinds of industrial waste, sewage sludge, and biodegradable garbage can be a good way to dispose of unwanted material. Some poorly run land disposal sites, abandoned dumps, and leaking septic systems, however, contaminate local waters.

New buildings and land development projects such as highway construction affect relatively small areas but produce vast amounts of sediment, typically 10 to 20 times as much per unit area as farming.

Municipal Sewage Treatment

• Over the past 100 years, sanitary engineers have developed ingenious and effective municipal wastewater treatment systems to protect human health, ecosystem stability, and water quality

Primary Treatment

The first step in the municipal waste treatment.

Secondary Treatment

Consists of biological degradation of dissolved organic compounds.

Trickling filter

Aerobic digester tank

Constructed wetlands

Effluent Sewage

Two basic methods used to purify water of dissolved minerals

01

DISTILLATION

involves heating or boiling water full of dissolved minerals.

02

FILTRATION

water is passed through fine filters or membranes to screen out dissolved impurities.

Water Remediation

Containment methods

Extraction techniques

Bioremediation

THANKS!

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"Economic growth and environmental protection are not compatible. They are the opposite sides of the same currency if you are looking for long-term prosperity"

03. Quote

Henry Paulson

"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree"

Mater Luther King

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"Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed"

Mahatma Gandi

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Pathogenic Organism

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Greenest Countries in the World

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95%

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