English for Public Administration

English for Public Administration

Teacher: Ioana Mudure-Iacob

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Public administration

Study Pack for Students in Public Administration

Fall semester

Meet your teacher

Lector universitar dr. Ioana Mudure-Iacob, ioanajacob@gmail.com/ ioana.mudure@ubbcluj.ro

Limba engleza-curs practic limbaj specializat LLU0011; LLU0012 Anul I, sem.1 si 2 Curs obligatoriu

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Informații generale

1.1. Condiţionări şi cunoştinţe prerechizite Cursul este conditionat de deţinerea de cunoştinţe de limba engleză care situeaza studentul la nivel B1, conform grilei de autoevaluare a Cadrului comun european de referinta a limbilor. Trebuie avut în vedere faptul că înscrierea la examenul de licenţa la finalul ciclului bachelor este conditionat de susţinerea şi promovarea unui test de competenţa lingvistică într-o limba de circulaţie internaţională.

1.4. Organizarea temelor în cadrul cursului Suportul de curs este structurat în unitati, fiecare unitate fiind împărțită în secțiuni ce vizează dezvoltarea celor patru competențe lingvistice: citire, scriere, vorbire, ascultare. Cunoaşterea şi înţelegerea aprofundată a contextelor şi rolurilor, precum şi a conceptelor, metodelor şi a discursului/limbajului specific diverselor situaţii de comunicare profesională în mediul academic de limba engleză, cu accent pe situaţia retorică, formele de comunicare scrisă şi orală, etapele procesului de scriere şi produsele scrisului academic, precum şi pe deontologia profesională.

1.2. Descrierea cursului Este un curs cu obiective specifice care vizează achiziţia de cunoştinţe şi dezvoltarea deprinderilor de limbă străină ca instrument de formare şi informare academică şi profesională. Tipologia programului de învăţare are în vedere crearea unui profil de utilizator cu competenţe axate pe studiul limbajelor de specialitate. În acest sens, studenţii îşi vor dezvolta capacitatea de conştientizare a stării actuale a cunoştinţelor şi deprinderilor, se vor deprinde să-şi fixeze obiective reale şi realiste, să-şi selecteze în mod autonom materialele şi să se autoevalueze.

Politica de evaluare şi notare

📌Examen scris la final de semestru- 60% 📌Activitate de invatare independenta- Idioms (quiz), audio-video response 30% 📌Participare activa/ quizzes -10% Examenul scris de la final de semestru este obligatoriu pentru calculul notei finale.

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Bibliografie orientativă

1. Cimitile, C., Glossary of Terms and Concepts for Public Administration, 2000 (available https://iaslhe.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/glossary-of-pa-terms.pdf)
2. Side, Richard – Wellman, Guy: Grammar & Vocabulary For Cambridge Advanced and Proficiency, Longman, 2001,
3. Vince, Michael; Intermediate Language Practice, English Grammar and Vocabulary, Macmillan, Oxford, 2003.
4. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, https://www.ldoceonline.com/

Tools to use in class

Online resources

1. https://www.thoughtco.com/esl-grammar-4133089 (pentru consolidarea și revizuirea elementelor de gramatică)
2. https://www.thoughtco.com/esl-reading-comprehension-4133090 (deprinderi de citire)
3. https://www.thoughtco.com/esl-writing-skills-4133091 (deprinderi de scriere)
4. https://www.esl-lab.com/intermediate/ (exercitii de ascultare urmărind înţelegerea vorbitorilor nativi­- modele utile pt. propria exprimare, dezvoltarea abilităţilor de ascultare în situaţii mai complexe).

Forms of government part 2 [Democracies. Dominant-party forms of government.

Introductory meeting

Communication. Means of communication. Barriers in communication

Sociology guidelines

Mass-media

Role and scope of Public Administration in society

Table of contents

Rhetorics and public speaking

Civil service. HR in Public Administration

Lorem ipd sea utamur aperiam, te per choro accusamus consulatu?

Ethics and moral behaviour in civil service

Levels of government

Constitutions

Digital escape rooms. Review and consolidation

Final examination

Forms of government part 1. Constitutional Monarchies. Oligarchies

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Unit 1

COMMUNICATION

Unit 1.

What is communication? YT video

Globalisation and communication

Pre-class resources

Use the resources in the links above to learn and explore the topic.

What is communication?

💭 What is important when we communicate( listening, talking, gestures etc.)? 🗣️What are the qualities of a good communicator? 🧱What problems might occur when communicating with someone?

Vocabulary

1. Complete the table with the words in the box. Some words can be matched to more than one verb.

animosity confusion feedback ideas meaning message miscommunication misunderstanding thoughts

2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the box.

1. Asking people questions usually ……………………… miscommunication. 2. One of the most common reasons that ……………………… misunderstandings is the use of complicated sentence structures. 3. It only makes sense to ……………………… positive feedback as it keeps everyone happy. 4. People with various knowledge, experience and cultural backgrounds ……………………… messages in different ways.

Practice more

or

📚Reading comprehension

Read the text and answer the questions

The sheer number of people in a group affects the amount of communication. Consider the difference between communication between two friends and communication in a group of five people. When friends talk, there are two people sending and receiving messages. In a group of five, there are five people doing the same thing. Each idea that is expressed must be understood by four others, who may also choose to respond. Consequently, the greater number of people in a group, the fewer contributions an individual may make. Because there are disadvantages to large groups, you might assume that small groups would be the most effective. However, groups can be too small as well as 100 people large. With too few members, a group has limited resources, which eliminates a primary advantage of groups for decision making. Also, members may be unwilling to disagree or criticize each other's ideas. I believe that five to seven members is the ideal size for a small group.

FUTURE COMMUNICAITON

We can conclude from the text that reading in large groups

a. there is always a chaos at the end of each discussion b. no one criticizes each other's ideas c.before a decision is made everyone has to express their ideas individually d.everyone is free to express their ideas as much as they want e.there is less opportunity for each person to speak

According to the passage, small groups

a.are always more successful than large groups in terms of decision making b.can have some disadvantages as well c.express their criticism more freely than large groups d.have always infinite resources e.are unable to make a decision at the end of discussions

Vocabulary

Collocations

Practice more

3. Match the following sets of words

bodyeye facial hand blood bone digestive a knee-jerk fingertip thumbnail hair-raising heart-to-heart head-on ear-splitting

featuresstructure circulation system contact language signals collision talk story noise sketch reaction description

🧏🏻Listening comprehension

2. Complete these rules of good communication with the words in the box.

What barriers can occur in an act of communication?

1. Watch the first part of the video (to 03:10) and choose the correct answers.

engage express filters gut open

#1: ………………… actively with the verbal and nonverbal feedback of others, and adjust your message to facilitate greater understanding. #2: Listen with your eyes and ears, as well as with your ………………… . Remember that communication is more than just words. #3: In the rush to ………………… ourselves, it's easy to forget that communication is a two-way street. Be ………………… to what the other person might say. #4: Be aware of your personal perceptual ………………… . Elements of your experience, including your culture, community, and family, influence how you see the world.

The transmission model: a.means that communication is a one-way process b. involves communicating complex concepts c. includes feedback from the other person In the transactional model: a. there is no exchange of information b. just one person assigns meaning c. people give and receive feedback Perceptual filters: a. improve communication by adding extra information b. limit the number of messages we receive c. change meanings and interpretation of messages we receive

Your thoughts in a Vocaroo

📝Do you think that people tend to use too many words to communicate their ideas? 🤷🏻‍♀️In what kinds of situations do you have to ask someone to rephrase what they’ve said?

Unit 2

Public administration Role and scope.

Crashcourse Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy study cards

What is Public administration? YT video

Pre-class resources

Use the resources in the links above to learn and explore the topic.

What is public administration?

Public administration is the study of the management of the public agencies that carry out public policies in order to fulfill the state purposes in the public …………... ❓ Public administration is the activities of the executive branches of the national (central) and …………………. ❓governments. Public administration comprises the activities that are involved in carrying out the policies and programs of ……………………..❓ Production and delivery of goods and services to meet fundamental necessities of the people. Examples?................................................ Think of examples of service that are provided by administrative and government offices. This mind map can help.

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Vocabulary and reading tasks

Read the text and solve the task ( you can also scan the QR code to read the text)

Start

🧏🏻Listening comprehension

2. Complete thegaps with the suitable word from the recording

Listen to the audio recording and solve the two tasks:

0 House will be in […...................]. 1 Certain kind of government inspectors, are often hired from the [….......................] of people from the industry to be inspected. 2 If there is something you want to accomplish for your community, your state or your nation, find out what it takes to get your name on the . […...................] 3 Much of the work at the local level is done by [….....................]. 4 The opportunity to help meet the [….....................] our free society faces is one of the most attractive aspects of a career in government. 5 Yeah, it’s a very good […................].

Decide if the sentences are True or False. 0 The government will continue to be in business no matter what happens to the economy. True 1 The society we live in depends on government workers only at the federal to function effectively. 2 Government jobs are filled through testing and evaluation to ensure high levels of competence. 3 If a person or political party leaves office then its appointees must also vacate their offices. 4 Government and public administration jobs are quite safe from budget cuts. 5 Any US citizen can run for elective office.

Video-based lesson

Bureaucracy basics

Watch the video and solve the tasks while watching Make sure you select the interactive mode to watch it!

extra work: Meme time

Using the "rules" indicated in the photo above, create your own meme to show what bureaucracy means. Use proper language and key works. You can then upload it in the MS Teams folder linked to this unit.

Unit 3

Civil service

What work do civil servants do?

Can you give examples of jobs occupied through elections? What about appointment?

Vocabulary and reading tasks

Complete the gaps with words you consider suitable for the context:

a. The recruitment system establishes the selection procedures for a position of a civil servant. It specifies whether the contest is to be public or closed, what type of exams and study guides are to be used, and what interviews are to be held. It also establishes the requisite profile and academic 1………………….., , experience, samples of work, and 2…………………….references that the candidates should have, as well as establishing the contract under which they would be integrated into the public sector, i.e. what type of contract they would subscribe, what salary they would receive, and how they would be evaluated before being confirmed for the post, or if they would first be subject to a 3………………..period.

b. There should first be a process of revision of the 1………………………. 's CV. Second, they should undergo examinations and 2…………………………..tests, and finally they should submit to an 3……………………... Ideally, this system should have mechanisms allowing rejected candidates to appeal the 4……………………..made by the recruitment team. The system demands constant revision to remain adapted to the requirements of the different, revising the pertinence of the evaluations to make sure they correspond..

psychometric decisions applicant posts interview

📚Reading comprehension

Read the text and decide if the sentences are True/ False

Unit IV

Levels of government

Types of bureaucracies

Can you give examples of jobs occupied through elections? What about appointment?

Territorial administration

Central administration

Prefecture County departments County Council

Presidency Government Ministries

Levels of administration

Administration functions on different levels. Civil servants can be elected or appointed. Consider each unit in the levels of administration and write down example sof civil servants working in those units. Specify if they are elected or appointed.

Local administration

Mayoralty Local council

Vocabulary

Word search. Find the words matching the definitions 1-15.

Source: icivics.com

🧏🏻Listening comprehension

Video-based lesson

Bureaucracy basics

Watch the video and solve the tasks while watching Make sure you select the answer the questions while you watch the video

📚Reading comprehension

Read the text to learn more about services provided by counties.

Source: icivics.com

Vocabulary

Play the video game Counties work!

• The registration process is available in the MS Teams platform

Counties work!

After completing the task, write about your gaming experience for this topic in a Jamboard. Name two things you did not know about local and central administration before playing the game.

Unit V

Constitutions

Why do constitutions matter?

Constitutions study cards

What is a constitution? YT video

Pre-class resources

Use the resources in the links above to learn and explore the topic.

Vocabulary

Read more

Refusing someone’s basic rights and freedoms is a violation of the constitution

Constitutions are also called Laws of the land. They establish basic guidelines for the proper functioning of states. What aspects referring to the organisation of society can we find in a constitution?

Rights, freedoms and responsibilities

1. Right to start a family
2. Right to education
3. Right to property….

complete with more examples in the Jamboard

Comprehension tasks

Write an acrostic poem

Write one sentence that starts with each letter of the word CONSTITUTION

🧏🏻 Branches of the government

🧏🏻Listening comprehension. Branches of the government

Watch the Flocabulary and then solve the quiz to check your knowledge on the topic

Quiz- 3 branches of the government

Video lesson sequences

Watch the two videos and solve the questions in the tasks

Takeaway task

Record a Voki in which your take up the teacher's challenge. Upload the link in the MS Teams class.

Unit VI

Forms of government

Forms of government

Forms of government study cards

Who rules

Pre-class resources. PART 1

Use the resources in the links above to learn and explore the topic.

Reading comprehension

📚

Consider different types of governments. What type of leadership structure do they have?

Reading comprehension

1. Decide if the statements below are true or false.

A monarchy can be like a dictatorship or it can be like a democracy. A dictatorship can also be a democracy. A democracy can have both representative and direct characteristics at the same time. An oligarchy can include representative democracy. A monarchy can be both a democracy and an anarchy at the same time. Theocracy can co-exist with a democracy.

2. Solve the crossword

Idioms: royal 👑

• Queen Bee
• Crown jewels
• Drama queen
• Prince Charming
• To live like a king
• A royal pain
• King’s ransom
• To hold court
• To build castles in the air
• To be king of something

Go play!

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🧩Emoji corner: idiom decoding

Decode the emoji puzzles to find the correct idioms/ short phrases

🧏🏻Listening comprehension. Forms of government

Video lesson sequences

Watch the video and solve the questions in the tasks

1. Forms of government-video lesson

🧠📃Extra work

Draw a mindmap (you can use Coggle to help you) in which you exemplify different forms of government and provide a brief definition. This will enable you to revise the topic.

Forms of government

Forms of government study cards

Who rules

Pre-class resources. Part 2

Use the resources in the links above to learn and explore the topic.

We often take democracy for granted....not all countries can benefit from freedom and rights

What happens when citizens are bereft of rights?

Types of government

Can countries go through different forms of government?

📚Reading comprehension

Democracies

From anarchy to democracy

📚Reading comprehension

Dominant party

From anarchy to democracy

Read more

Establish the correct order of the events below

📌Egyptians hold protests, demanding free elections. 📌Mubarak becomes president 📌Gunman tries to assassinate Mubarak 📌Mubarak’s son is appointed to a top position 📌Mubarak’s resignation is demanded

📚Reading comprehension

Presidential-Legislative Democracy

From anarchy to democracy

Read more

Answer the questions below

1. What is a “cartel”? 2. How does the U.S. affect Mexico’s drug problem? 3. What has happened as a result of President Calderón's cracking down on the drug trade?

🧏🏻Listening comprehension

Forms of government-a Flocabulary task

MS Forms quiz

Write a title here

1. https://www.flocabulary.com/unit/forms-of-government/

📚Reading comprehension

Constitutional monarchy

Towards autocracies

L iechtenstein is a tiny country in Europe that is no bigger than Washington, D.C. Its government, based on shared responsibilities, is made up of five (1) _______________________, including the Prime Minister. All of these people are appointed by the (2) _______________________, upon the approval of Parliament. Prince Hans-Adam II is the current head of state. He represents the country in (3) ______________________ affairs. He signs (4) _______________________ treaties. But those treaties are (5) _______________________ only if approved by Parliament. The Prince has several other powers, which include calling and dismissing (6) _______________________. He also (7) _______________________ candidates for the Supreme Court. The Prince shares power with Liechtenstein’s (8) _______________________ Parliament. Citizens vote for members of Parliament directly. As with the Prince, the duties of Parliament are laid out in Liechtenstein’s (9) _______________________. Parliament’s main job is to pass (10) _______________________. But it also names top members of the (11) _______________________. Parliament sets the country’s budget and approves new (12) _______________________. Under Liechtenstein’s constitution, voters can reverse a parliamentary (13) _______________________. To do so, they must collect at least 1,000 (14) _______________________ on a petition. They must collect 1,500 of them to propose a constitutional (15) _______________________ or vote on a treaty

📚Reading comprehension

DEMOCRACY AND TRADITIONAL CHIEFS

Parliamentary democracy and traditional chiefs: Voters elect the members of Parliament (legislature). A Prime Minister, usually leader of the party with the most seats in Parliament, heads the government. A body of tribal leaders also plays a role in government.

Samoa

✒️DIRECTIONS: The Samoan way is made up of dozens of different traditions. Below are five of them. Write the letter of each in the most appropriate section(s) of the Venn diagram. (Some letters belong in more than one category.)

A. Samoans tend to live simply and share possessions with their village and church. B. Most Samoan villages enforce a period of prayer in the early evening that is announced by blowing on a sea shell or ringing a bell. C. People should avoid walking through a village during evening prayers. D. A host is responsible for the actions of his guests. The host may be required to pay a fine to the village authorities if a guest violates custom badly enough. E. People should not stand where village elders are seated.

📝Homework

Consider advanatages and advanatages for each of the types of government discussed in class. Use the links in the info below to complete the tasks.

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Unit VIII

Sociology

What is sociology? Crashcourse video

Sociology flashcards

Sociology in Brtiannica

Pre-class resources

Check the resources above before class. it will give you an overview of the topic and make discussion more applied.

Link

Introduction

Listen to Tracy Chapman's song and make a list with social issues that are mentioned or indicated in the song.

Flipped classroom- please study the information in the materials before class

Solve this task to match the social issues to the images

Vocabulary

Practice

Word formation- study the rules in the Jamboard below and the examples provided in the Sharepoint

Complete the gaps with the correct forms of the words in brackets.

The company had to ………………………………………….. due to the economic crisis. [SIZE] If you want to save more money, you should ………………………………………….. your entertainment expenses. [MINIMAL] They had to ………………………………………….. the rules of the game because most of the players didn’t understand them. [SIMPLE] When you have a lot of tasks, always ………………………………………….. them so you know where to start. [PRIORITY] We would like to ………………………………………….. you from economy to business class. [GRADE] In order to maintain space and order in your house, from time to time you need to …………………………………………... [CLUTTER] After having the fifth child, they decided it was time to ………………………………………….. to a 6-bedroom house. [SIZE] The management ………………………………………….. everyone who doesn’t go through any professional training once in two years. [GRADE] You should ………………………………………….. these documents according to their urgency. [CLASS] They need to ………………………………………….. your ID card on your last working day. [ACTIVE]

Vocabulary

Extra practice

Complete the tasks in the document below

C. Find 7 context-related antonyms in your text to the following words. 1. democracy is opposite in meaning to _____________________ 2. pluralism is opposite in meaning to ____totalitarianism____ 3. dogmatic is opposite in meaning to _____________________ 4. dissent is opposite in meaning to _____________________ 5. scientific is opposite in meaning to _____________________ 6. descriptive is opposite in meaning to _____________________ 7. compromise is opposite in meaning to _____________________ D. Use the new vocabulary to write 150-word comment on the following topic. The year 1989 reshaped the world. It meant the end of the cold war and the fall of communism. Its news stories - from Tiananmen Square to the fall of the Berlin Wall - are now historical marker posts. How did 1989 change Romania's life?

📚Reading comprehension

Read the text and solve the follow up tasks

Source: Linguahouse

🧏🏻Listening comprehension

Video-based lesson

The rise of modern populism

Watch the video and answer the follow-up questions

🧏🏻Listening comprehension tasks

“Liberal democracy” is a

• bygone philosophical doctrine
• certain political party ideology
• set of ideas about how to constitute modern democracy
• utopian dream

How, and in which particular respects, do contemporary democracies ruled by populist forces differ from other modern democracies ruled by liberal forces? U

The root of the word “populism” is in

• populus
• pleb
• demos
• folk

Modern populism prioritizes the people’s interests over

• global capitalism
• state arbitrariness
• social anarchy
• political institutions

The polar opposite of modern populism is

• authoritarian state
• liberal democracy
• traditional politics

• monarchical regime

The successful rise of populism mostly depends on the availability of

• economic and political crisis
• charismatic leadership
• political scandals
• global affairs

📝Homework

👁️‍🗨️🗣️Watch and speak!

Unit VIII

Mass-media

Sharepoint resource

Mass-media defined

Mass-media flashcards

Mass-media explained in Brtiannica

Pre-class resources

Check the resources above before class. it will give you an overview of the topic and make discussion more applied.

Discussion

How did people share information before nowadays means?

Vocabulary bank

Vocabulary bank

Types of news

05

04

03

01

02

breaking news

business news

current events

local news

internaitonal news

foreign affairs

gossip

Vocabulary practice

Go play!

📚Reading comprehension

Read the text and solve the follow up tasks

Source: iCivics

Vocabulary. Complete the crossword puzzle using words in bold on the reading pages.

Across 2. the sources of our news and information about current events 7. one who stands guard and sounds an alert if something is wrong 8. story designed to expose wrongdoing 9. person responsible for paying attention to the media 10. not favoring any view 12. something said in 15 seconds or less Down 1. one who stands guard at a gate and decides who gets to pass through 3. a method of communicating information, entertainment, and other messages 4. methods of communicating with large numbers of people 5. word that means for -profit 6. plural of the word medium 11. favoring one view over another

Media Roles. Match each example with the role it illustrates. One role does not have an example.

🧏🏻Listening comprehension: Fake news

Video-based lesson

How can false news spread?

Read the text and answer the questions.

Watch the video and answer the questions:

Circular reporting can occur when: " (...) publication A publishes misinformation, publication B reprints it, and publication A then cites B as the source for the information. It's also considered a form of circular reporting when multiple publications report on the same initial piece of false information, which then appears to another author as having been verified by multiple sources." source: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-false-news-can-spread-noah-tavlin#watch

In your own words, what is circular reporting? How do you think it can be avoided? How can it affect our everyday lives?

1. What examples of circular reporting does the speaker mention?
2. What should we do to avoid circular reporting according to the video?

📝Homework

Giphy story!

Use giphies to tell a 6-word story and upload your story on MS Teams

Unit IX

Public speaking

Public speaking basics

Public speaking flashcards

Better public speaking

Pre-class resources

Check the resources above before class. it will give you an overview of the topic and make discussion more applied.

Vocabulary practice

Public speaking is giving a speech face to face to a live audience.but it can be any form of speaking (formally and informally) between an audience and the speaker. Public speaking was developed in Rome and Greece, by prominent thinkers. Nowadays, , technology continues to transform the art of public speaking through newly available technology such as videoconferencing, multimedia presentations, and other nontraditional forms.

Purposes of public speaking

• It can improve our speaking skills
• It enables us to be a more critical thinker
• Helps us to overcome public speaking anxiety
• Developing leadership skills
• To motivate people

Elements of public speaking

speaker

-credibility and personality

-content-style -structure

message

-adapt to their language and attire -consider age wise and gender

audience

verbal, nonverbal, and visual method

channel

reaction of audience

feedback

location

Speaking with feeling 🗣️

Watch

Idioms about speaking 🔊

Study the underlined idioms below. Match them to the definitions. 1. He muttered something under his breath. Nobody heard it. 2. Mark likes to talk down to people, almost as if they were children. 3. Don’t just stand there in silence. Spit it out! 4. Joe has a habit of speaking out of turn. He needs to learn good manners. 5. I’ve tried to discuss my opinions with her, but it’s like talking to a brick wall. 6. George can’t stop talking about his work. Even at parties he likes to talk shop. 7. Somebody needs to talk some sense into Mike. His behaviour is very unreasonable.

a. persuade (someone) to behave more sensibly. b. quietly so that other people cannot hear exactly what you are saying c. say what you are reluctant to say d. speak in a way that shows you think you are superior e. speaking in a tactless way. f. speaking to someone who doesn’t want to listen g. talk about business with people you work with when you are not at work

🧏🏻Listening comprehension: Speaking and hesitation

What words and phrases do English speakers use when they are trying to think of what it is they want to say? • What words do you use in your language to do the same thing? • Which of the words or phrases in both languages do you use the most? Why? • Are there any words or phrases in English or your native language which you don’t like or annoy you? What are they? Why do they annoy you?

1. In which languages did ancient texts warn us against using hesitations? a. Latin and Greek b. Chinese and Latin c. Arabic and Greek 2. How did Noam Chomsky describe hesitations? a. As "errors" b. As "functions" c. As "components" 3. What word is used to describe "linguistic fillers which distract from useful speech"? a. Influences b. Fluencies c. Disfluencies 4. How often do hesitations occur in natural speech? a. 3 to 5 times per minute b. 2 to 3 times per minute c. 4 to 6 times per minute 5. Do people use hesitations in sign language? a. Yes, they do. b. No, they don’t. c. Only in specific situations

Video-based lesson

Source: Linguahouse

Now listen to the rest of the recording (1:09 - 5:13). Read the following statements and decide if they are True or False.

1. If we compare hesitations to other spoken words we use daily, it can help us to decide if they have more meaning than it appears at first. 2. It’s only the tone of someone’s voice that gives hesitations any kind of meaning. 3. Linguists refer to hesitations as "filled hesitations". 4. Hesitations can communicate to listeners that significant information is about to be given. 5. Thoughtful speakers use discourse markers, such as "Firstly" and "For instance...", to aid listeners to fully understand what is being said. 6. The way the word "like" is used is very limited in practice. 7. A 2011 study showed that toddlers were confused by instructions containing hesitations. 8. As people become better at using a new language, the number of hesitations they use when speaking reduces.

Source: Linguahouse

Flip challenge

You’ve been watching a video about how people use "hesitations" naturally in speech and how they can have meaning. Use a Flip to record your answer to 2 of the following sets of questions

• What is your earliest memory?
• • If you could live in any country except your own, where would you live and why?
• • Who is the person you most admire and why?
• • Which famous person, living or dead, would you most want to have dinner with? Why?
• You unexpectedly receive $1 million. What would you do with the money?
• • What would your dream job be? Why?
• • What is your happiest memory?
• • Who is your favourite person? Why?

There's more... Self-reflexive corner 🤔 1. What did you notice about not using hesitations? Was it easy? Harder? What did you do to stop yourself from using them? 2. How much do you think you use hesitations in your natural speech? Too much? Too little? Why is that?

Unit X

Ethics in civil service

What is ethics?

Workplace ethics

Ethics defined

Pre-class resources

Check the resources above before class. it will give you an overview of the topic and make discussion more applied.

Vocabulary practice

ETHICS= moral principles that govern a person's behaviour or the conducting of an activity. Ethics is knowing the difference between what you have a right to do and what is right to do

Workplace ethics

1. Can you think of any types of behavior that are unethical in the workplace? 2. Do you think it is your responsibility to report such behavior to management?

🤔Ethical issues

Discrimination in the Workplace Unsafe Working Conditions Whistleblowing or Social Media Rants Ethics in Accounting Practices Nondisclosure and Corporate Espionage

Complete the gaps in sentences 1-8 with the right words/phrases.

Use the two jamboards to practice your vocabulary skills on the topic

Idioms

Go play 🎮

📚Reading comprehension

Read the text and solve the follow up tasks

Source: Market Leader Coursebook

📚Reading comprehension

Read the text and solve the follow up tasks

Source: Market Leader Coursebook

🧏🏻Listening comprehension: Could you love a murderer?

1. What is the ‘ethics of belief’? A field of psychology exploring how we usually form beliefs B field of psychology exploring how we ought to form beliefs C field of philosophy exploring how we usually form beliefs D field of philosophy exploring how we ought to form beliefs

Video-based lesson

Source: TedEd

What is the definition of ‘belief’ used in the video? A To believe something is to take it to be true B To believe something is for it is to be part of your religious or moral outlook C To believe something is to hold an opinion that you can’t know to be true D To believe something is to think it’s subjective What is the definition of ‘evidence’ used in the video? A Evidence is the information that is permitted in a court of law B Evidence is stuff that you can see, hear or touch C Evidence is your own personal belief system D Evidence is all information that helps us determine what’s true What is the name of the view that opposes evidentialism? A Moralism B Practicalism C Pragmatism D Prudentialism In what ways might it be hard to control your beliefs? Is it harder to control your beliefs than your actions? If so, what are the consequences for the debate about the ethics of belief?

This is the end of the Fall semester studypack

Good luck!

To my students

• I hope you found this studypack as resourceful as it was meant to be.
• the benefits of learning a foreign language are numerous and you should never stop learning

• read in English (press, books, articles)
• watch movies without subtitles

• find a communicaiton partner
• learn something new everyday