Introduction to the Prevent Strategy

Introduction to Prevent:Terrorism, Extremism and Radicalisation

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01

Definition of Keys Terms

Definitions of Key Terms

Further key terms are as follows:

Violent Exremism The vocal or active opposition to fundamental British values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual libery, and mutal respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs. Extremism also includes calls for death of member of the armed forces.

Non- Violent Exremism This is extremism but without a violent element. Non-violent extremism can create an atmosphere conducive to terrorism, popularising views which terrorists can then exploit.

Radicalisation The name for the process where someone comes to support terrorism and the extremist ideologies that are acssociated with terrorist groups.

The Prevent duty relates not only to terrorism, but to radicalisation and extremism. Planning, assisting and even collecting information on how to commit terrorist acts are all crimes under British terrorism leglisation - if evidence of terrorism is clear then the matter should be reported to the police. The police will handle the allegatons from there.

Definitions of Key Terms - Terrorism

The UK's Terrorism Act 2000 defines terrorism as the use or threat of action where:

• The use or threat is designed to influence the government or an international government organisation, or to intimidate the public.
• The use or threat is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious, racial or ideological cause.

This action may:

Involve serious violence against a person. Involve serious damge to a property Endanger a person's life, other than that of the person commiting the action.Create serious risk to the health or safety of the public, or a section of the public. Be designed to seriously interfere with, or seriously disrupt, an electronic system.

Note: Terrorist activity may be carried out by those acting alone (self-inflictors). They may be partof a group or just influenced by propaganda they encounter or find.

Answer the questions on the following slides to check your understanding of the content so far............

Question 1/5

Knowledge Check

Instructions: Select the option you think is correct for each blank.

The process by which an individual is drawn into extremist ideologies...

Terrorism

Extremism

Radicalisation

Question 2/5

Knowledge Check

Instructions: Select the option you think is correct for each blank.

The vocal or active opposition to fundemental British values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty, mutal respect, and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs....

Radicalisation

Extremism

Terrorism

Question 3/5

Knowledge Check

Instructions: Select the option you think is correct for each blank.

Terrorism includes the use or threat of an action made for the purpose of...

financial gain.

recruiting supporters for extremist ideologsises.

advancing a political, religious,racial or ideological cause.

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Congratulations!

Great, you correctly answered questions about each key term!

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02

Extremism

TRUE

or

FALSE

Start

Question 1/3

Read the statement and decide if it is true or false!

Extremism always leads to violence.

True

False

Question 2/5

Correct - Extremism doesn't always lead to violence. Extremism can be seen in non-violent acts such as protest movements, online and in literature.

Next Question

Question 2/3

Extremism doesn't always lead to violence. Extremism can be seen in non-violent acts such as protest movements, online and in literature.

False

Next Question

Question 1/5

Read the statement and decide if it is true or false!

Extremism exists all over the world

True

False

Question 2/5

Correct - Extremism exists all over the world. Extremism has taken place by ETA in the Basque Region, in the Israel-Palestine Conflict and by the IRA in Ireland often involving the use violence.

Next Question

Question 2/5

Extremism exists all over the world. Extremism has taken place by ETA in the Basque Region, in the Israel-Palestine Conflict and by the IRA in Ireland often involving the use violence.

False

Next Question

Question 3/3

Read the statement and decide if it is true or false!

Extremism can apply to issues such as nuclear weapons, rights for fathers and animal testing.

True

False

Question 2/5

Correct - Extremism can apply to issues such as nuclear weapons, rights for fathers and animal testing. Extremism can be non-violent but still dangerous

Next Question

Question 2/5

Extremism can apply to issues such as nuclear weapons, rights for fathers and animal testing. Extremism can be non-violent but still dangerous

End of Quiz

What is Extremism?

Extremism is defined as: “vocal or active opposition to fundamental British values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs. We also include in our definition of extremism calls for the death of members of our armed forces, whether in this country or overseas.” (HM Government Prevent Strategy)

Radicalisation Radicalisation is the process where a vulnerable young person or adult changes their perception and beliefs due to exposure of an extremist influence (which may be online, publication or one to one direct contact,) to become more extremist in nature which may result in extremist actions.

Extremism and radicalisation can happen in many different ways and it is important that we define and understand the different types of extremism and radicalisation. Domestic Extremism Domestic extremism refers to the activity of individuals or groups conducting criminal acts of direct action to further their protest campaign .This term covers the conduct of groups involved including the extreme right wing and animal rights extremists. Violent Extremism Violent extremism refers to the activity of individuals or groups conducting acts by any means to express views which justify or glorify terrorist violence. This includes those that encourage others to commit terrorist acts or provoke others into terrorist related activity. It also includes those whom foster hatred which may lead to inter community tensions and violence within the United Kingdom.

Activity:What are your first thoughts when viewing the images presented?

Click the on the symbol to the right to view the images and leave your thoughts!**All comments will display anonomously**

What if we told you....(hover over the image to learn more about its origin)

Examples of Terrorism

2017 - Finsbury Park Attack

2017 - Manchester Arena Bombing

2016 - Murder of Jo Cox, MP

2021 - Murder of Sir David Amess,MP

In June 2016, Jo Cox was shot and stabbed in the street where she was due to hold a constituency surgery. Self-initiator, Thomas Mair, was later given a life sentence for her murder which the judge saw was fuelled by his wish to advance white supremacy and exclusive nationalism.

In June 2017, Darren Osbourne drove a van at crowds leaving a mosque during Ramadan, killing one person and injuring nine others. After rapid process radicalisation, Osborne had become convinced that British Muslims were dangerous.

In May 2017, 23 people died and one thousand plus more were injured when suicide bomber, Salam Abedi detonanted a homemade bob, made by his brother, as people were leaving an Ariana Grande concert.

In October 2021, Sir David Amess died at his constituency surgery in Essed, after being stabbed bt 25-year-old, Ali Harbi Ali. Police investigating the murder, confirmed that there was a 'religious and ideological motivaton'.

What does Terrorism look like?

Terrorist incident like the ones on the previous slide do not give the full picture, are not what Prevent is about.

Terrorism at its roots looks different to the violence we see in the media. Keep in mind that terrorists are not born - they are made! they are influencede and led by others.

When a terrorist attack happens, what we see is just the tip of the iceburg. Underneth the surface, there is a vulnerbale person who has slipped through support mechanisms and has become vulnerable to hateful and intolerant ideologises.

Prevent is about working in partnership and taking a risk-based approach, to prevent extremist ideology, radicalisation, and acts of terror. The Prevent duty is about taking a step back and looking at terrorism in its wider context, asking questions about how and why people become involved in terrorist organisations or activity, and how we can work together to stop this.

03

Radicalisation

What is Radicalisation?

There are a variety of ways in which radicalisation can take place, but with children and young people the process tends to involve at least one of the following aspects:

• Grooming, either online or in-person from a member of an extremist group looking to indoctrinate vulnerable individuals into their belief system

• Exposure to material or information that is inappropriate and can have a harmful impact, such as violent and aggressive imagery that encourages similar behaviour

• Psychological manipulation that encourages and rewards certain behaviours and punishes others so that the individual being radicalised starts acting and thinking in a certain way along with the rest of the group

• Exploitation, including sexually exploiting children who legally cannot consent or may not even understand what they are being asked to do

• Activities that carry a significant risk of physical harm or even death

Radicalisation is the term used to describe the process where an individual becomes involved with or starts to support groups or ideologies with extremist beliefs. Those who become radicalised often end up getting drawn into terrorism or serious abuse, which is why radicalisation is classed as a form of harm. Whilst people of any age can fall victim to radicalisation, children and young people are particularly vulnerable. This is because they tend to be more impressionable and are less aware of how the radicalisation process works, as well as being at a stage in life where they are seeking more independence and forming their own views about the world.

Online Grooming...

It is important to be aware of the danger of grooming onlines. Extremists often employ the same techiques as those targeting childre for the purposes of abuse or exploitation.

In order to gain an individuals trust, extremist groomer may:

• Offer advice and understanfing. Groomers may target individuals whose online comments suggest vilunerability and then be empathetic to establish a realationship with them.
• Pretend to be sometbody they're not - its easy for groomers to hide thier idenitfy online.
• Lavish an individual with compliments, attention and gifts.

Extremist groomers often target vulnerabel individuals and offer then a sense of understanding and community. Once this trust is built, they convince the victim to isolate themselves from friends and family. The online world enables groomers to target many people at once, sometimes sending messages to large numbers and seeing who responds.

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As with all types of grooming, social networking sites, apps and online gaming can provide a platform.

Video: Radicalisation examples...

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The video consists of interviews with a female adult whose son has been radicalised and an older adult male who was radicalised.

There are many varying factors that could make someone vulnerable to radicalisation.

03

Prevent Strategy

PREVENT - An Introduction...

Summary:What is PREVENT?

• Prevent is about safeguarding and supporting those vulnerable to radicalisation.
• Prevent is 1 of the 4 elements of CONTEST, the Government’s counter-terrorism strategy.
• It aims to stop people becoming radicalised and/or drawn into extreamist behviours,

Who delivers PREVENT?The Home Office works with local authorities, a wide range of government departments, and community organisations to deliver the Prevent strategy. The police also play a significant role in Prevent, in much the same way as they do when taking a preventative approach to other crimes.

Quiz Time

How many questions will you get correct?

Start

Question 1/4

Do you know how the UK government defines radicalisation?

The process through which someone comes to support terrorism and the extremist ideologies that are associated with terrorist groups

The vocal or active opposition to fundamental British values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs

The carrying out of a violent incident or attack based on political, religious, economic, ethnic or nationalistic beliefs

Question 2/4

Which piece of UK legislation includes the duty to prevent radicalisation?

The Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001

Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015

Terrorism Act 2006

Question 3/4

How could training providers take appropriate action to protect young people and adults from accessing extremist content?

Hire security staff to monitor the use of the internet on learner accounts

Ensure I.T. equipment has suitable filters

Tell them not to access extremist content

Question 4/4

Research shows that extremism is more likely to flourish in...

Societies isloated from others

Large communities

Mixed ethinicty communities

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When planning and/or delivering, try to utlisise case studies or examples which include individuals that may be at risk of becoming radicalised due to vulnerability.This in turn can provide a simple way to begin a discussion and raise awareness of PREVENT. Click on the pencil to see an example.

Utilise relevant stories/articles found in news reportings that can support the facilitation of discussions around Prevent themes such as Grooming, Radicalisation, Extremism etc.

Reporting a Safeguarding Issue:

Whilst we want our learners to have a successful and enjoyable time on their programme, we recognise that there are times when some learners may need some advice and support for issues of a more personal nature, including those that may be affecting their work or training. Learners may raise concerns directly with you as a Twin staff member. Alternatively, you may have concerns of your own relating to learners or learner groups or staff. For further advice/guidance or to report a safeguarding concern, you can email or call safeguarding officers who will be more than happy to help. You can contact a safeguarding officer via email or telephone.

Group Safeguarding LeadMark Williams: 07739 321792 Designated Safeguarding LeadScott Bird: 07751 929985 Deputy Safeguarding LeadKatie Newman: 07751 929985

Safeguarding@twinuk.com

Keep your eyes peeled for the next edition of Prevent E-Learning.

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