BRITAIN DURING THE 1930s
The Great Depression
Maëlle Diot
Index
1.
Introduction
2.
the economic and social impacts of the crisis
3.
The political response to the crisis brought by the British government
4.
the rise of extremist political parties in Britain during the 1930s and their limited influence
5.
the Jarrow hunger march or the Jarrow Crusade
6.
the effectiveness of the measures taken by the British government to end the economic crisis
7.
Conclusion
Introduction
Wall Street Crash in 1929 because of the collapse of the US Stock Market
How did Britain deal with the crisis during the 1930s ?
Beginning of the Great Depression in the USA with a downward spiral
Economic crisis spread in the world because of rising tariffs and debts
Economic and social impacts
Economic
Social
- long-term problems in old industries (producing raw materials & heavy industries : ship building, coal, steel & iron industries...)
- loans to pay back to the USA (high debts)
- unemployment => less workers & ↙ production
- ↗ poverty => people bought less and saved money
- High & long-term unemployment : 1 worker in 4 out of job
1933 : 3 M (23% of the pop)
1929 : 1.4 M unemployed
"Depressed areas" in Britain
The political response brought by the British government
1931 : a National gvt was set up (PM Ramsay Macdonald) => objective : ↙unemployment + end the crisis
John Maynard Keynes's ideas
VS
traditional view : little state committment, the economy will revive itself
Later followed by Psdt Roosevelt in his New Deal policies
Info
Info
Measures implemented by the gvt
- ensuring a balanced budget => ↙ public spending
- ↗tariffs to protect & encourage Britain's industries : The Import Duties Act (10-20% duty), 1932 => AUTARKY & ECONOMIC NATIONALISM
- The Means Test (amount of assistance based on the household income) + ↗income tax
- ↙ by 10% the pay of people working for the gvt
- Ottawa Agreements (trade co-operation with the Commonwealth)
- Special Areas Act, 1934 (2M$ to companies moving in affected areas)
Back
1931 National Government Poster
Keynesian theory
creation of jobs for unemployed people
↗ public spendings in infrastructures, roads, highways...
↗ consumption & investments
repayment of the public deficit
↗ GDP & ↙ unemployment
The rise of extremist political parties in Britain during the 1930s and their limited influence
some support in the depressed areas but
Communist Party created in 1920
1929-1935 => no communist MPs
Organized demonstrations, hunger marches + provided some food
=> too weak to have an impact & influence
British Union of Fascists (BUF)created in 1932 by Sir Oswald Mosley, inspired by Mussolini
Strong membership (50,000 in 1934) but it dropped (5,000 in 1936) bec. people were against violence
anti-communist & anti-jewish
strong leadership, violence, cult of the heroic leader, parades ... aspects of a dictatorship
the Jarrow hunger march or the Jarrow Crusade : 5-31 Oct. 1936
Hunger marches => publicise the conditions of the unemployed + speed up gvt's measures
But with no huge results...
The effectiveness of the governmental measures
other countries ↗ tariffs => difficult for Britain to export
↙unemployment : 1M at the end of the 1930s
But mainly thanks to the revival of international trade (more exports & policy of rearamament)
some industries took advantage of these measures (motor vehicles & electrical goods) but little effect on old industries
Conclusion
Britain was highly affected by the Great depression in the 1930s on economic as well as social levels
The British government implemented new measures to end this crisis, but John Keynes had his own economic theory
These governmental measures helped a little, but with no substantial improvement
In a weakened world, extremist movements began rising but they didn't succeed in Britain
Thanks
Any questions?
economic crisis in Britain, 1930
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Transcript
BRITAIN DURING THE 1930s
The Great Depression
Maëlle Diot
Index
1.
Introduction
2.
the economic and social impacts of the crisis
3.
The political response to the crisis brought by the British government
4.
the rise of extremist political parties in Britain during the 1930s and their limited influence
5.
the Jarrow hunger march or the Jarrow Crusade
6.
the effectiveness of the measures taken by the British government to end the economic crisis
7.
Conclusion
Introduction
Wall Street Crash in 1929 because of the collapse of the US Stock Market
How did Britain deal with the crisis during the 1930s ?
Beginning of the Great Depression in the USA with a downward spiral
Economic crisis spread in the world because of rising tariffs and debts
Economic and social impacts
Economic
Social
1933 : 3 M (23% of the pop)
1929 : 1.4 M unemployed
"Depressed areas" in Britain
The political response brought by the British government
1931 : a National gvt was set up (PM Ramsay Macdonald) => objective : ↙unemployment + end the crisis
John Maynard Keynes's ideas
VS
traditional view : little state committment, the economy will revive itself
Later followed by Psdt Roosevelt in his New Deal policies
Info
Info
Measures implemented by the gvt
Back
1931 National Government Poster
Keynesian theory
creation of jobs for unemployed people
↗ public spendings in infrastructures, roads, highways...
↗ consumption & investments
repayment of the public deficit
↗ GDP & ↙ unemployment
The rise of extremist political parties in Britain during the 1930s and their limited influence
some support in the depressed areas but
Communist Party created in 1920
1929-1935 => no communist MPs
Organized demonstrations, hunger marches + provided some food
=> too weak to have an impact & influence
British Union of Fascists (BUF)created in 1932 by Sir Oswald Mosley, inspired by Mussolini
Strong membership (50,000 in 1934) but it dropped (5,000 in 1936) bec. people were against violence
anti-communist & anti-jewish
strong leadership, violence, cult of the heroic leader, parades ... aspects of a dictatorship
the Jarrow hunger march or the Jarrow Crusade : 5-31 Oct. 1936
Hunger marches => publicise the conditions of the unemployed + speed up gvt's measures
But with no huge results...
The effectiveness of the governmental measures
other countries ↗ tariffs => difficult for Britain to export
↙unemployment : 1M at the end of the 1930s
But mainly thanks to the revival of international trade (more exports & policy of rearamament)
some industries took advantage of these measures (motor vehicles & electrical goods) but little effect on old industries
Conclusion
Britain was highly affected by the Great depression in the 1930s on economic as well as social levels
The British government implemented new measures to end this crisis, but John Keynes had his own economic theory
These governmental measures helped a little, but with no substantial improvement
In a weakened world, extremist movements began rising but they didn't succeed in Britain
Thanks
Any questions?