Final project by Yelda Sánchez.

final project

by yelda sÁNCHEZ ARCE

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• tHE APPLE IS ON THE TABLE.
• tHEY ARE VERY INTELLIGENT.
• I AM A TALL PERSON.
• sAMANTHA AND I ARE IN THE MOVIE THEATER.
• YOU ARE GREAT PARENTS.

Verb to be

The verb to be talks about situations and states in the present.

AFFIRMATIVE sentences

Subject + am / is / are + complement.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES.

Subject + verb to be + not + complement.

Interrogative sentences.

Verb to be + subjet + complement + ?

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• tHE APPLE IS ON THE TABLE.
• tHEY ARE VERY INTELLIGENT.
• I AM A TALL PERSON.
• sAMANTHA AND I ARE IN THE MOVIE THEATER.
• YOU ARE GREAT PARENTS.

• THE APPLE IS not ON THE TABLE.
• THEY ARE not VERY INTELLIGENT.
• I AM not A TALL PERSON.
• SAMANTHA AND I ARE not IN THE MOVIE THEATER.
• YOU ARE not GREAT PARENTS.

• is THE APPLE ON THE TABLE?
• are THEY VERY INTELLIGENT?
• AM i A TALL PERSON?
• are SAMANTHA AND I IN THE MOVIE THEATER?
• are YOU GREAT PARENTS?

Verb to be in past

Affirmative sentences

negative sentences

interrogative sentences

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• I WAS not A GOOD STUDENT.
• WE WERE not OLD FRIENDS.
• HE WAS not A STUDENT.
• THE CHILD WAS not IN THE GARDEN.
• YESTERDAY WAS not MONDAY.

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• WAS I GOOD STUDENT?
• WERE we OLD FRIENDS?
• WAS he A STUDENT?
• Was THE CHILD IN THE GARDEN?
• Was YESTERDAY WAS MONDAY?

Subject + was / were + complement.

Subject + was / were + not + complement.

Was / were + Subject + complement + ?

The past simple of the verb to be talks about situations and states in the past.

• i was a good student.
• we were old friends.
• he was a student.
• the child was in the garden.
• yesterday was monday.

simple present

AFFIRMATIVE sentences

Subject + base form + “s/es” for third person + complement.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES.

Subject + do/does not + base form + complement.

Interrogative sentences.

Do/does + subject + base form + complement + ?

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It is used to express things in and around the present. This means in detail that it describes general truths, habits, repetitive actions, perceptions (especially of the senses) that are taking place at the moment or that apply now.

• The sun sets in the west.
• I assent with your proposal.
• They work hard all day.
• Abuzar attributes his success to hard work.
• The cows graze in the field.

• The sun does not set in the west.
• I do not assent with your proposal.
• They do not work hard all day.
• Abuzar does not attribute his success to hard work.
• The cows do not graze in the field.

• Does the sun set in the west?
• Do I assent with your proposal?
• Do they work hard all day?
• Does Abuzar attribute his success to hard work?
• Do the cows graze in the field?

simple pAST

AFFIRMATIVE sentences

Subject + Verb in past (regular and irregular verb + complement.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES.

Subject + did + not + base form verb + complement.

Interrogative sentences.

Did + subject + base form verb + complement + ?

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The simple past is a verb tense that is used to talk about things that happened or existed before now.

• He drew the old man out of the ditch.
• The boys recited the national anthem
• He wrote an interesting story.
• The child completed his homework.
• We paid tribute to our national poet.

• He did not DRAW the old man out of the ditch.
• The boys did not recit the national anthem
• He did not write an interesting story.
• The child did not complete his homework.
• We did not pay tribute to our national poet.

• Did he draw the old man out of the ditc?
• Did the boys recit the national anthem?
• Did he write an interesting story?
• Did the child complete his homework?
• Did we pay tribute to our national poet?

PRESENT CONTINuOS

AFFIRMATIVE sentences

Subject + is/am/are + present participle + object.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES.

Subject + is/am/are + not + present participle + object.

Interrogative sentences.

Is/am/are + subject + present participle + complement + ?

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The present continuous tense is a grammatical tense that can be used to describe when an action happened, or may happen. You can use it to describe both events that are happening in the present – right now, while you are talking about something, or in the future – something that may or will happen later on.

• The girls are playing netball.
• The students are buying new books.
• They are sitting idle.
• I am spending my vacations at a hill station.
• Shahida is singing a sad song today.

• The girls are not playing netball.
• The students are not buying new books.
• They are not sitting idle.
• I am not spending my vacations at a hill station.
• Shahida is not singing a sad song today.

• Are the girls playing netball?
• Are the students buying new books?
• Are they sitting idle?
• Am I spending my vacations at a hill station?
• Is Shahida singing a sad song today?

Present progresive

AFFIRMATIVE sentences

Subject + form of be + verbing + complement.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES.

Subject + negative form of be + verbing + complement.

Interrogative sentences.

A form of be + subject + verbing + complement + ?

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The Present Progressive is used when we talk about something which is happening now.

This morning at five o'clock Shannon was taking care of her baby. i was studying when the phone rang.They were eating when their friends showed up. While the cat was sleeping the mice were eating its food.last week we were painting the house.

• THIS MORNING AT FIVE O'CLOCK SHANNON WAS not TAKING CARE OF HER BABY.
• I WAS not STUDYING WHEN THE PHONE RANG.
• THEY WERE not EATING WHEN THEIR FRIENDS SHOWED UP.
• WHILE THE CAT WAS not SLEEPING THE MICE WERE EATING ITS FOOD.
• LAST WEEK WE WERE not PAINTING THE HOUSE.

WAS SHANNON TAKING CARE OF HER BABY THIS MORNING? WAS YOU STUDYING WHEN THE PHONE RANG?WERE THEY EATING WHEN THEIR FRIENDS SHOWED UP? WAS THE CAT SLEEPING WHILE THE MICE WERE EATING ITS FOOD?WERE YOU PAINTING THE HOUSE LAST WEEKEND?

Present PERFECT

AFFIRMATIVE sentences

Subject + has/have + past participle form of the verb + complement.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES.

Subject + has/have (not) + past participle form of the verb + complement.

Interrogative sentences.

Have/has + Subject + past participle form of the verb + complement + ?

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The present perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The time of the action is before now but not specified, and we are often more interested in the result than in the action itself.

• She has lived here all her life.
• They have written three letters already.
• I have worked here since I graduated school.
• He has finished his homework.
• We have been to Canada.

• SHE HAS not LIVED HERE ALL HER LIFE.
• THEY HAVE not WRITTEN THREE LETTERS ALREADY.
• I HAVE not WORKED HERE SINCE I GRADUATED SCHOOL.
• HE HAS not FINISHED HIS HOMEWORK.
• WE HAVE not BEEN TO CANADA.

• has SHE LIVED HERE ALL HER LIFE.
• have THEY WRITTEN THREE LETTERS ALREADY.
• have you WORKED HERE SINCE I GRADUATED SCHOOL.
• has HE FINISHED HIS HOMEWORK.
• have WE BEEN TO CANADA.

Present PERFECT continious

AFFIRMATIVE sentences

Subject + has/have + been + verb (ing) + complement.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES.

Subject + has/have (not) + been + verb (ing) + complement.

Interrogative sentences.

Has/have + subject + been + Verb (ing) + complement + ?

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The present perfect continuous is used for a single activity that began at a point in the past and is still continuing.

• He has been playing football for two hours.
• The child has been studying since morning.
• She has been kneading the floor.
• I have been playing my favorite game.
• They have been working in this office since last year.

• HE HAS not BEEN PLAYING FOOTBALL FOR TWO HOURS.
• THE CHILD HAS not BEEN STUDYING SINCE MORNING.
• SHE HAS not BEEN KNEADING THE FLOOR.
• I HAVE notBEEN PLAYING MY FAVORITE GAME.
• THEY HAVE not BEEN WORKING IN THIS OFFICE SINCE LAST YEAR.

• has HE BEEN PLAYING FOOTBALL FOR TWO HOURS?
• has THE CHILD BEEN STUDYING SINCE MORNING?
• has SHE BEEN KNEADING THE FLOOR?
• have you BEEN PLAYING MY FAVORITE GAME?
• have THEY BEEN WORKING IN THIS OFFICE SINCE LAST YEAR?

past perfect

AFFIRMATIVE sentences

Subject + had + Past participle verb + complement.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES.

Subject + had + not + Past participle verb + complement.

Interrogative sentences.

Had + subject + Past participle verb + complement + ?

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The past perfect refers to a time earlier than before now. It is used to make it clear that one event happened before another in the past.

The mechanic had fixed my bike before I reached the workshop. She had won the marathon. He had spent all his money. The Queen had worn the golden crown. The old sailor had utilized many oars.

THE MECHANIC HAD not FIXED MY BIKE BEFORE I REACHED THE WORKSHOP. SHE HAD not WON THE MARATHON. HE HAD not SPENT ALL HIS MONEY. THE QUEEN HAD not WORN THE GOLDEN CROWN. THE OLD SAILOR HAD not UTILIZED MANY OARS.

• had THE MECHANIC FIXED MY BIKE BEFORE I REACHED THE WORKSHOP
• had SHE WON THE MARATHON?
• had HE SPENT ALL HIS MONEY?
• had THE QUEEN WORN THE GOLDEN CROWN?
• had THE OLD SAILOR UTILIZED MANY OARS