Alevel DT NEA

Maximising Sustainability in an Urban Environment

Hanna Kerridge

Contense

36 Client Evaluation

18 Final Design - CAD

01 Context

19 Materials testing

02 Refined Ideas

20 Final Design

03 research Plan

21 Measurements

04 Contextual Research

22 Interior Layout

05 Client Profile

23 Materials list

06 Client Interview

24 Processes Justification

07 Questionnaire Analysis

25 Manufacturing Specification 1

26 Manufacturing Specification 2

08 Existing Designs

27 Production Plan 1

09 client response

28 Production Plan 2

10 Product analysis

29 Manufacturing - old design

11 client response

30 Production

12 Practical Research 1

31 Production

13 Practical Research 2

14 Design Specification

32 Final Model

15 Inspiration board

33 Self Evaluation

16 Initial ideas Drawings

34 Evaluation against Specification 1

17 Final design plans

35 Evaluation against specification 2

Context

Refined Context areas

High Rise Architecture space consumption

Mixed Use Property

Space Consumption

Sustainability

Considering the environmental impacts both with the design and use of every aspect of the building, but also within the construction process. Using certain materials, processes and systems to ensure sustainability and longevity of the space. Creating luxury residential spaces while still considering sustainability.

Space consumption is something heavily linked to the sustainability issues surrounding residential living and especially in urban areas. considering ways to include the most in a small area without compromising living habits.

Mixing living and commercial spaces within a bulding. Humanist design which focuses on the wants and needs of the residents, having all necessities as well as non essential leisure spaces available in the same building. Reducing environmental impact and creating a sense of community

Research Methods

Research Plan

To help me in researching my context and ideas, i have create a clear research plan which I can refer back to throughout this project.

as conducting research into the chosen contex and explore the issues which surround it. To work towards the final design and building a final prototype model i will research both modeling materials as well as processes used in model making. With the information gathered from that i will create a final design as well as a final model of both the building and different interior spaces.

i am going to conduct research to cover several areas of the project. To ensure my designs fit the wants and needs of its target user/resident group I have selected a client on who to conduct my research - via a client interview as well as constant imput and co-designing. I will also research similar existing buildings/projects around the world as well as analysing and drawing inspiration from architectural models. Architectural design also involves lots of restraints and i will explore those through site research as well

Contextual Research

Mixed Architecture & Sustainability

Vertical mixed use architecture is a design which incorporates three or more uses into one structure; such as residential, hotel, retail, parking, transportation, cultural, or entertainment. The idea is to reduce the size of urban-use areas and favour the preservation of green areas or the creation of new ones. They are more energy efficient and reduce emissions.

People have less reason to travel by car as there is less need to travel for daily mundane things as they are all accessible in the same building as residential spaces, this saves both peoples time, the environment and reduces congestion in highly populated urban cities. It has also been seen that these spaces better provide a sense of community. Overall, the main benefit to this kind of this design is to maximise useable space while using a minimized amount of land.

The development of mixed use spaces has been increasing across the uk due to these benefits. For example "Between 2010 and 2020, mixed-use development made up nearly 50 percent of new commercial and multifamily developments delivered. Consistent with national trends, that mixed-use projects are becoming more common than single use, the Pipeline shows that split increasing to 60 percent."

However, creating a space like this does have some disadvantages to overcome. Things like privacy and noise pollution are something to consider for my design.

User research

Ella Pelan Age: 18

Client profile

Ella is a young student looking to move into an apartment space in centeral London to study law.

Ella along with many other young people desire to live in central urban areas and spaces often dont take into acount the wants and needs of this age category. She is sporty and enjoys spending time outdoors, which when living in urban areas can prove dificult.

Ella has grown up in a small countryside village so the environment and having outdoor space available is impotant to her along with many other people.

Client Interview

To design a building around the needs of its users ive gathered a timetable of my clients average week to asses what sort of things are used most and are most important.

I also conducted an interview of my client. Q1. Do you prefer open plan or closed plan living spaces? "Open, i like having open spaces for my dogs to enjoy and i dont want a claustrophobic feeling space" Q2. What is most appealing about living in a urban/city environment ? "I like the convenience of having everything close by as well as all the different types shops all in walking distance especially as im not keen on busy public transport" Q3. (follow up) Is the closeness of amenities the the most appealing part of living in a mixed use building ? "Yes not having to pay for unnecessary travel in a city like london would be great - more than just ausual corner shop being close would be useful" Q4. Is the location of the building important and where would you most look for a living space? "Near a green would be a key point as i feel cities can be too dense. Zone 1 or near to the ceter or at least a cycle-able distance to my uni"

Questionair

To gain knowledge of which features to consider when designing the building - especially the residential lots - i created and conducted a questionnare to as from a groupof people who fit the target market ; of residents for urban living. i foucused on what people want noth in and around a living space

'Which {2} amenities are most important to you?'

'What is you main consideration when choosing an apartment?' Overall the majority of people say they value the location of an apartment. however in my designs and model i will use the information collected and consider the size/ space of the residential lots.

From this question there are 3 main categories of amenities whcih people would like to have close to their living space. Being a mix use property I will consider this information when choosing what to include in the commercial parts of the building

'With the option, what would you choose to have as part of your living space?' Overall there was a considerable favour for private outdoor space

'Which sustainability features appeal to you as most important?' These are factors I will try to imput into the design of the building.

Market Research

Existing Designs

BOSCO VERTICALE, Milan Italy The Bosco Verticale is a environmentally conscious residential building in the Porta Nuova district of Milan. it was designed by a group of italian architects (Stefano Boeri, Giovanni La Varra & Gianandrea Barreca) and constructed in 2009. My main reason for reaserching and drawing inspiration from this building is the use of greenery to create an "urban forest". the designer of the project explains "Bosco Verticale grafts the equivalent of thousands of square meters of forest and undergrowth into a few hundred square meters of urban area" and this idea of space consumption in compact urban areas is what i will intergrate into my design. Not only does the use of greenery help polution and improve air quality in cities, it also can improve the quality of life of residents as there are direct links between plants and improved mental welbeing.

W350 Project, (concept) Tokyo Japan The W350 building is a concept design of a large residential high rise for the center of Tokyo. Designed in 2018 - set for 2041- by the Nikken Sikkei firm, the entirely wooden structure is set to be the first of its kind. This building is an incredible example of alternative and sustainable construction materials that can be used. Timber products like Glulam can continue to harvest carbon from the air for years after being built and are just as strong as steel. Swapping to sustainable materials is the easiest switch to sustainability in architecture and this is something i want to have as a heavy consideration in my design - both for the building itself as well as for the materials used in my final model. (use of Glulam)

The Line, Neom Saudi Arabia The Line is a concept for a city in saudi arabia designed by David Adjaye and Peter Cook, planned to be completed by 2041. Its main idea is to condense a whole city into one 100-mile-long linear city while preserving the surrounding nature. The goal is to have 9 million people on a footprint of just 34 square kilometers. While being one single structure it is essentially building a new Community. It will have no roads, cars or emissions and will run on 100% renewable energy and 95% of land will be preserved for nature. The Line is made up of three layers: a surface layer for pedestrians, plus two subterranean layers for transport and infrastructure. This idea of space concumption and incorporating as much wildlife into a small space is what i will be taking from this project into my own design.

Market Research

Existing Designs - Client Feedback

BOSCO VERTICALE, Milan Italy The Bosco Verticale is a environmentally conscious residential building in the Porta Nuova district of Milan. it was designed by a group of italian architects (Stefano Boeri, Giovanni La Varra & Gianandrea Barreca) and constructed in 2009. My main reason for reaserching and drawing inspiration from this building is the use of greenery to create an "urban forest". the designer of the project explains "Bosco Verticale grafts the equivalent of thousands of square meters of forest and undergrowth into a few hundred square meters of urban area" and this idea of space consumption in compact urban areas is what i will intergrate into my design. Not only does the use of greenery help polution and improve air quality in cities, it also can improve the quality of life of residents as there are direct links between plants and improved mental welbeing.

Client comments : A good inspiration because it is environmentally friendly with plant life however visually it dosnt fit with the urban environment and stick s out a bit too much from the surrounding buildings.

W350 Project, (concept) Tokyo Japan The W350 building is a concept design of a large residential high rise for the center of Tokyo. Designed in 2018 - set for 2041- by the Nikken Sikkei firm, the entirely wooden structure is set to be the first of its kind. This building is an incredible example of alternative and sustainable construction materials that can be used. Timber products like Glulam can continue to harvest carbon from the air for years after being built and are just as strong as steel. Swapping to sustainable materials is the easiest switch to sustainability in architecture and this is something i want to have as a heavy consideration in my design - both for the building itself as well as for the materials used in my final model. (use of Glulam)

Client comments : Fits well into an urban setting and incorporates a variety of building materials making it visually pleasing. It also allows lots of natural light in. However it could incorporate more plants and greenery to add to the environmentally concious idea.

The Line, Neom Saudi Arabia The Line is a concept for a city in saudi arabia designed by David Adjaye and Peter Cook, planned to be completed by 2041. Its main idea is to condense a whole city into one 100-mile-long linear city while preserving the surrounding nature. The goal is to have 9 million people on a footprint of just 34 square kilometers. While being one single structure it is essentially building a new Community. It will have no roads, cars or emissions and will run on 100% renewable energy and 95% of land will be preserved for nature. The Line is made up of three layers: a surface layer for pedestrians, plus two subterranean layers for transport and infrastructure. This idea of space concumption and incorporating as much wildlife into a small space is what i will be taking from this project into my own design.

Product Analysis

architectural modelling

The first model is for a mid-rise apartment block. Like my design this model utilises both indoor and outdoor spaces. It uses laser cut MDF which is a low cost and a relatively environmentally friendly material to use, as well as small detailing fake grass/plants used for modeling. It is about 30cm tall and shows accurate detail. This model is good for a designer/architect showing an overall aesthetic shape and design to a client.

This model shows a smaller scale building using only one material. Despite being monochromatic, the fine details have been clearly protrayed through the use of laser cutting. The use of a thin layer of clear acrylic to represent windows is something i will take from this model to use in my own.

The third model shows a larger scale 'tower' as well as some of its surrounding area. It uses wooden dowels and laser cut acrylic to create layers. It has a less exact appearance and rather shows a concept for a building. It also lacks any moveable parts and dosnt represent any of the inside spaces. Acryclic however is a less sustainable material to use and any waste wouldnt be environmentally conscious. As well as that, acrylic is a more expensive material to use for prototyping. If it were to scale the model would better serve its function.

Product Analysis

Existing Designs - Client Feedback

The first model is for a mid-rise apartment block. Like my design this model utilises both indoor and outdoor spaces. It uses laser cut MDF which is a low cost and a relatively environmentally friendly material to use, as well as small detailing fake grass/plants used for modeling. It is about 30cm tall and shows accurate detail. This model is good for a designer/architect showing an overall aesthetic shape and design to a client.

Client comments : I like the visual height of it and the attention to detail such as the stairs between layers. The use of accurate colours and material equivalents makes it feel very realistic

This model shows a smaller scale building using only one material. Despite being monochromatic, the fine details have been clearly protrayed through the use of laser cutting. The use of a thin layer of clear acrylic to represent windows is something i will take from this model to use in my own.

Client comments : The model shows good attention to detail through the carved details and windowws, however it could’ve used different materials to increase variety and make it more visually interesting.

The third model shows a larger scale 'tower' as well as some of its surrounding area. It uses wooden dowels and laser cut acrylic to create layers. It has a less exact appearance and rather shows a concept for a building. It also lacks any moveable parts and dosnt represent any of the inside spaces. Acryclic however is a less sustainable material to use and any waste wouldnt be environmentally conscious. As well as that, acrylic is a more expensive material to use for prototyping. If it were to scale the model would better serve its function.

Client comments : I like the variety of heights and levels and the use of acrylic to portray glass.

Practical research

Sustainability & Technology - Materials & Processes

Sustainbility being at the heart of my design process, i wanted to reseach some alternative and more eco friendly building materials, as well as ways in which plant life can be encorporated into urban spaces. some of the materials ive researched are ; Glulam - glulam is a material composed of laminated wood which adds strength to the wood so that it can be used in large scale building. Glulam is stronger than steel while being environmentally friendly both in its material and in its use - even when part of a building glulam continuses to absorb carbon from the air surrounding it. Green concrete - There are many eco friendly concretes on the market, however i have chosen to center my research around Geopolymer Concrete. It is a cement-free concrete which typically offers a saving in embodied carbon of between 75% and 87%. It is made by mixing the sand and aggregate with fly ash or slag, and then activating it with an alkali such as sodium hydroxide. Solar glass - Solar windows are a newly engineered product which cobines solar panels and exterior windows. Solar glass windows contain solar cells that convert the sunlight into usable energy without excess space being used for solar panels. windows often cover all faces of a building and therefore can optimise sun exposure. For windows to become solar windows, they're fitted with "photovoltaic glazing" which do the work of a solar panel while remaining completely transparent and serving the normal purpose of a window.

Practical research

Green Architecture / Urban Forestry

The incorporation of nature into architecture is something i really wanted to use in my design and i drew inspiration from a lot of buildings all over the world that have mastered the concept of "green architecture". Firstly, what is the idea of green building?

Green or eco architecture "is architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings through improved efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, development space and the ecosystem at large.'

The idea of sustainability can also be persued in design with the concept of the urban forest and use of it in architecture. Broadly defined by the book 'Forestry in a global context' ;

‘The urban forest is the ecosystem containing all of the trees, plants and associated animals in the urban environment, both in and around the city’

In an urban environment the high outputs of Co2 are rarely ofset but a way to do this is through utilising the vertical space created. While taking away floor space from nature is often unavoidable when building in cities the upright surface space created by high rise architecture can be taken advantage of. Creating green facades using a veriety of plants along a building is a good way to allow nature to remain a part of our world. Increased foliage not only improves the air quality around it but it has also been seen to improve mental well being for those living around it.

Both of these concepts will be involved in my design to maximise nature and minimise the negative impacts of urban construction

Parkroyal Collection Pickering, Singapore - WOHA Architects

Design Specification & Brief

I am going to design and prototype a high rise building with both commercial space and luxury residential spaces. The building should be designed to make best use of space in an urban environment. The residential spaces should be suitable for young professionals (1-3 bedrooms). Commercial spaces should provide amenities for grocery shopping, leisure and entertainment.

Inspiration board

For my design I drew alot of inspiration from the architectural style of brutalism and its use of exposed raw concrete as well as simple forms. Further into this style is the concept of eco-brutalism. while brutalism is about austerity, eco-brutalism is about adding life in a natural sence to basic and harsh design. I also liked the idea of large and free flowing glass panels to have little differentiation between inside space and outside space and nature. For the interior residential spaces I wanted to keep a clean and simple style to match the exterior of the building as well as allowing residents their own creative liberty with the spaces. As for the commercial spaces i likes the idea of large open spaces with natural curves to juxtapose the stern angular exterior. Design Specification 9.1 & 9.2

Initial designs

design 1

design 2

This design mixed with my first one to the left is what ended up inspiring my final design the most. I look the glass tube like structure and encased it in the more brutalist external box structure. I also wanted to keep the idea of an open base/entance to create some seperation between the commercial space on the lower few floors and the residential aobe

I used my first design to do my material testing by creating an intial prototype. However after showing my client we decided this was not the final design and we wanted to furhter improve it before commiting. In this design the "cut out" is only along one side leaving three sides covered - and adding windows to those sides would not have fit the style of the design.

design 4

design 3

My 4th design is probably the one which i drew the least from into my design. This design focused more on natural forms and involved far fewer harsh lines compareed to my other ideas. This too had the idea of an open entry way on the lower floors but using a more flowing shape similar to the large cut out above it.

This design strayed slightly further from the ideas of brutalism and incorporates a large curved arch in the building creating two 'halves' where the larger can house the commercial spaces and the smaller side serving as a residential entrance to the higher floors. with this design the size of both commercial and residential lots can vary. The use of solar-windows also allows for a huge opportunity to be self generating for the buildings energy

Final Design

Drawings

Final Design

CAD

After i had decided on my final design i created a 3D model using sketch up to better visualise the diferent elements of the design.

With this design usin both the drawings and 3D model I consulted my client and with her help we refined the design further. We decided instead of leaving the edges to the 'cut outs' flat, we would add greenery along the edge to furhter tie in the idea of urban forestry rather than just having plants on the interior edges/walls.

Modifications for Making

After testing and starting on my "final" model my process was disrupted by me being ill and having to miss time in the workshop. Despite this i wanted to keep with my design and scale of model but creating a revised version. Because of the time constraint I was unable to go with my origional idea of casting the frame in concrete and insted decided to use my 'negative' as my model however this didnt include the entryway 'cut out' at the base.The shortened time restraint also meant i was also unable to include each floor in my model as i had initially intended to do, so instead I chose to just have one dividing floor to separate where the commerical space meets the residential. Other than the prodution method of the model the general design and scale of my model remained the same.

Material testing

MDF Frame

Cement casting

Plaster

After having to change my Manufacturing process I wanted to conduct a similar test as i had dome previously for the Cement. I filled a similar container with the mix plaster i was planning to use and allowed it to fully set before again testing the finish of different grit sanding papers. However unlike the Cement pour the colour of the plaster didnt accurately illustrate the colour of a real Concrete building so I also tested a series of paints to see which would give the most accurate and most aesthetically pleasing finish to the model

I used one of my initial designs to create a test piece of the 6mm MDF. I laser cut the "cut out" design which worked well to give me a "natural edge" which i wanted to tie in the nature aspect of my design. However, with the scale of my final piece i was unable to laser cut as the wall pieces were larger than the cutting bed. I used wood glue and clamps to asses if that would be enough to secure together the wood pieces in my final design. I found this was a successful material and technique to use in my final model

For my initial design I wanted to do a Cement pour and cast the outer "shell" of my building in wire mesh strengthened concrete. Before aempting a large pour, I did a smaller test pour to see how the Cement would cast at my desired thickness. I poured cement into a small container and allowed it to set. When set I then tested different grit sand papers to determin which gave the best finish.

Final Design - Drawings

After making plans as well as a cad visualisation of my building i created my final drawing of my design including all the small features recomeneded by my client. the design now has more plants even along the top edge and along the inside balconies.

Model Measurements

True Measurements

I the created the scaled down version of the plans with the dimensions of my model to a 1:200 scale of the true size - to fit to point 5.2 of my design specification. In the end for my model because i had to chance my plan for production and modify sloghtyl, the cutout at the bottom wasnt incorporated in my final model. I also will not be able to add each floor and layout of the apartments in my model but have created a detatchable roof piece - design spec 2.2.

after settling on my design I worked out and created a set of plans showing the true measurements for my building as well as working out a layout for the apartment levels.The building will be 160m tall and has a square base of 80 * 80m. Each residential floor will have 12 large apartments with multiple bedrooms fiting to design specification 1.1.

Interior Layouts

After working out the space available for residential lots i ended up with all blocks around the edges which were all identicle size. after looking at this with my client we decided that there should be some small variation of sizes in apartments so that more people can be suited. with this the higher floors ended up with 12 apartments on each floor in two different sizes as show on the left. Being a luxry apartment block the apartments are all large and have room for multiple bedrooms

The apartments are all connected to an interior balcony/corridor which is open air. Also in discussion with my client was the decision between having them seperated as personal balconies or as a shared walkway. ultimately we decided on a shared space as to keep a communial feeling to the whole building as well as for better acces points.

open space / overlook

With the layout of the apartments decided i also wanted to create a visual of a potential layout for one of the larger apartment spaces. As shown on the right, I designed a 3 bedroom home with generous open living space making sure to make use of the large exterior window/s and natural light along the one side.

Materials list

Tools/Processes Justification

Production Plan

Production - original

2. With my box pieces cut to the correct size, I taped them together two pices at a time and glue the edges together and held them in place with corner clamps to dry.

Before i was ill and ha to change my approach to production i started my making process in the workshop i began making the exterior box for my casting mould and sealing it off so that i could use alginate to create a negative of my building to cast in cement.

3. After letting the glue dry i found that the box was very unstable and the long bieces of thin wood needed to be reinforced so that it would last through the casting process. I decided to add small wedges to the 4 corners connecting the box together. I glued these in place as well as adding two small nails from each side to each block so that they would not shift and that the pieces would stay in the right place. These blocks also made attaching the base piece easier. I added 4 extra blocks to the center of the base piece wich gave me more space to glue too and could nail down into it to secure them together better.

1. First I measured out my mould/box pieces from 6mm MDF with a couple cm allowance for the alginate making four walls of 85cm * 45cm and a base piece of 45 *45cm. These pieces were then cut on the table saw.

4. When my sides and base piece had fully dried and were secure I then sealed every edge with silicone and a caulk gun which allowed me to get a smooth and even line to seal tightly into the edges

5. I then used the same silicone to seal the edges from the outside ensuring it was fully water tight and that none of the luiquid algenate oe wet cement could leak out after it is poured.

If I would have had time to continue with my original plan and gone ahead with the casting i would’ve used the frame i used in my actual production as a negativee. i would’ve placed it in the box and surrounded it with alginate and let it harden. When the alginate had set i would have removed the MDF frame and lined it with wire mesh for stability before pouring in the liquid and allowing it to set and create the final frame of my design.

Production - modified

After missing time in the workshop i had to reevaluate my production process. As i had already cut my negative frame pieces to size i decided continuing with these pieces would be the best idea.

2. II then did the same for my roof piece. I used a drill to create an opening for the blade of the jig saw and then follwed my marked lines to the edges to create the cut out squre i needed

3. After cutting every piece i needed i then began to construct my frame. Gluing two pieces at a time and clamping them with 90 degree corner clamps i created two halves from my 4 walls and allowed them to dry. I then repeated this process gluing those two L shaped pieces together to create my rectangular frame.

1. With my pieces cut to size (40cm * 80cm) I first marked out the size and shape out the cut outs. With these marked, i then cut them with a jig saw creating the 'V' window. This step doesnt have to be very neat as i know the edges will be covered with both plaster and foliage glued on top but i was still careful to follow my marked line as to not mess with my scale measurement too much. However I did quicky land off any shavings left on the edge

4. When all pieces wer attatched and fully dry i went over the seams where any glue had seeped out and sanded them down with 80 grit sand paper to achice a smooth finsih.

Evaluation : if i were to repeat this process i would have used a more time efficient way of backing out / marking off the windowed sections as the taping process ended up taking much longer than i had anticipated. In my production plan i estimated taping off all 4 sides and the roof piece would take a total hour, however because the model was attached together i had to reach inside the model with one piece of tape at a time wich was very tedious and time consuming.

5. I then began taping off the interor walls as a preventative measure for the next plastering step. As i knew i wanted the plaster to go over the edges to create a raw rough edge I needed something behind to make sure it didnt spill over into the interior walls which would compromise the attatchment of the acatete window pieces. I the did the same for my roof piece and checked that all the pices lined up properly one last time in case i had to sand down before moving on to the plastering process.

Production - modified

6. I then plastered all sides and the top piece of my building making sure to cover excess over the edges to create the natural edge i wanted.

7. The next step was to cut out the acetate for my window pieces to the correct size

8. I then removed all the tape from the inside of the walls being careful to not crack any of the plaster on the edges. Then i sanded all sides and roof piece to get the smoothest final finsih of the plaster sanding up from 80 grit sand paper to 120 until i was happy with the final surface.

9. With all walls sanded i began the process of gluing a mixture of two different types of modelling foliage along the edges of the windows and the roof cut out.

10. I then painted the interior walls and attached my floor pieces

11. the final step was to then glue the windows to the inside of the walls. I was originally goiung to use hot glue however the thick acetate didnt hold so alternatively i had to use an industrial staple gun to hold the windows in place even tho they are slightly visible from the inside

Final Model

Self Evaluation

Research - During phase one I was able to carry out 8 pices of research into all the different areas of interest for both my real/true building design and then the production of creating a prototype model. The information i gathered from this was helpful in all aspects of the project however i was limited with the choice of materials and buildings i wannted to test/evaluate. As the buildings i chose to analyse and draw inspiration from are all in diferent countries or are still in the concept phase of design, I only had pictures and brief articles to go on. Being able to see the spaces in person would have been helpful. Similarly the materials i chose to research are both hard to source and very expensive. This meant I was not able to actually handle or preform any physical tests on these aspects. I found using inspiration/mood boards was very helpful for the creative aspect to the design process as well as to show my client the general ideas / themes I wanted to include in the final design. All of the research i carried out was incorporated into my design/manufacture process at sme point.

Designing - From showing my client my final prototype and the feedback throughout the design process, my final design met all the needs of my client and hopefully for those in the targen audience. I found through this phase the best way to give my client a clear understanding is by creating and presenting a mix of styles of drawings. Having a range of both pencil and Cad drawn images as well as a mix of plans/elevations helped my client fully understand the design and therefore give the best feedback.

Production - Unfortunately I wasnt able to go through the full manufacture process I had wanted too but the final piece i ended up with still properly served its function as a visual prototype and effectively portrayed the design of a real building. If I had more time available i wouldve liked to experiment more with casting and creating the internal natural form tube structure, however i was not able to find a time appropriate substitute to epoxy resin casting. I am however satisfied with the alternative method I used, the quality i was able to achieve and the way it represents my design in three dimensions.

Evaluation against Design Specifications

Evaluation against Design Specifications

Client Evaluation

Bibliography

Research into mixed use architecture :https://montgomeryplanning.org/tools/research/real-estate-and-land-use/mixed-use-study/#:~:text=Between%202010%20and%202020%2C%20mixed,split%20increasing%20to%2060%20percent. Research into existing designs : 1.https://www.stefanoboeriarchitetti.net/project/bosco-verticale/ 2.https://www.nikken.co.jp/en/projects/highrise/w350.html 3. https://www.neom.com/en-us/regions/theline Practical research - Urban forestry : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_architecture