M3 Integration FAQs

Integration and in-text documentation of sources

Practical guide with questions and answers

Estimated burden: 15 minutes

Index

1. Why and how to insert quotations and paraphrases?

5. How to connect the in-text documentation with the list of Works Cited?

2. How to make the direct quote flow with your text? (text integration).

6. How to make concurrent citations? (citing the same source twice in the same paragraph).

3. How to punctuate correctly your in- text documentation?

7. How to cite an article that appears online and doesn’t have page numbers?

4. How to use a signal phrase to introduce a quotation or a paraphrase?

Index

8. How to cite an article that does not have an author?

12. What elements to include in the list of Works Cited, when documenting an online magazine? (See CORE elements).

9. How to cite two different sources by the same author in one single essay?

13. How to truncate the URL to avoid creating long strings? (See truncating URL).

10. Is it necessary to write the name of the article in parentheses?

14. How to cite a YouTube video?

11. What type of information does not need to be cited?

Why and how to insert quotations and paraphrases?

Editing a direct quote. Making the direct quote flow with your text. Sometimes it is necessary to adjust the letter case (from big case to small or viceversa), or other changes to make the quotation flow with your own text. Sometimes the direct quote has to fit in your line in terms of grammar or capitalization (see examples):

How to punctuate correctly your in-text documentation?

Question 4

Using a signal phrase to introduce a quotation or a paraphrase.

How to connect the in-text documentation with the list of Works Cited?

How to make concurrent citations?

One quote after the other or with a few words separating them

Question 7

How to cite an article that appears online and doesn’t have page numbers?

Question 8

How to cite an article that does not have an author?

How to cite two different sources by the same author in one single essay?

10. Is it necessary to write the name of the article in parentheses?

Don’t write the name of the article in parentheses unless strictly necessary. Avoid redundancies. It is not necessary to write the name of the article in parentheses if you have named the author in your line. If you included the author’s last name as part of your signal phrase, you don’t have to include any other information in parentheses, just the page or paragraph if available. It is sufficient with the last name of your author named in your line. However, if the source has clear paragraphs or sections, you can use that information to help your reader locate the source, in that case you need to use the abbreviation of paragraph (par. or pars., or sec. for sections). Notice that you only include the name of the article in parentheses if you are citing in your essay two separate articles by the same author).

11. What information does not need citation?

In general, common knowledge means information that belong to the public domain, information that we all handle without the need to cite, information that the average, reader would accept as reliable without having to look it up.

What most people know

What is widely available in the media

Common knowledge

12. What CORE elements should I include in the list of Works Cited when citing an online magazine such as New Scientist?

13. How to truncate the URL to avoid creating long strings? (See truncating URL).

You need to include the URL but you have to truncate it. This means, that you may want to include only the most critical parts of the string of the said URL, those that will lead you unequivocally to the source. These critical parts are the domain and the actual file. The domain is what we used to call the www, and the file is the early part of the string. You should eliminate additional parts of the string that refer to the directory structure, and that are not really relevant to find the file. You should also eliminate the words https:// or http://. You should do that to avoid creating clickable links (this is my guess, as I haven't read anything to confirm the reason why is no longer included).

14. How to cite a YouTube video?

Thanks!