Chirality & Enantiomers
Start
You'll learn how to:
tell whether or not a molecule is chiral
identify chirality centers
draw the enantiomer of a molecule
Confident Chemistry.
Chirality
How do I know if a molecule is chiral or achiral?
What is chirality?
A chiral molecule or object (like a hand) cannot be superimposed on its mirror image.
Confident Chemistry.
What is chirality?
A chiral molecule or object (like a hand) cannot be superimposed on its mirror image.
Confident Chemistry.
Confident Chemistry.
What is chirality?
A chiral molecule or object (like a hand) cannot be superimposed on its mirror image.
Confident Chemistry.
What is chirality?
An achiral molecule or object CAN be superimposed on its mirror image.
Confident Chemistry.
How can I tell if it's chiral?
The easiest way to tell is to look for a plane of symmetry:
- Any molecule with a plane or center of symmetry must be achiral.
Confident Chemistry.
How can I tell if it's chiral?
The easiest way to tell is to look for a plane of symmetry:
- Any molecule with a plane or center of symmetry must be achiral.
Confident Chemistry.
How can I tell if it's chiral?
The easiest way to tell is to look for a plane of symmetry:
- A chiral molecule does not have an internal plane or center of symmetry.
Confident Chemistry.
ACHIRAL
CHIRAL
Confident Chemistry.
ACHIRAL
CHIRAL
Confident Chemistry.
Chirality Centers
How do I find them? How do they affect molecules?
What are chirality centers?
When an sp3 hybridized atom is connected to four different groups, we call it a chirality center.
Confident Chemistry.
Finding chirality centers:
Usually, it's as simple as looking for carbons attached to four different groups. It can help to draw in implicit hydrogen atoms!
Confident Chemistry.
More about chirality centers:
Heteroatoms (atoms that aren't carbon) can also be chirality centers:
Confident Chemistry.
More about chirality centers:
Heteroatoms (atoms that aren't carbon) can also be chirality centers:
Confident Chemistry.
More about chirality centers:
Molecules with one chirality center will be chiral. Molecules with more than one chirality center may or may not be chiral.
Confident Chemistry.
More about chirality centers:
Molecules with one chirality center will be chiral. Molecules with more than one chirality center may or may not be chiral.
Confident Chemistry.
Axial chirality:
A molecule can have ZERO chirality centers and still be chiral, as long as it has no planes or centers of symmetry. These molecules have a chiral axis rather than a chirality center.
Confident Chemistry.
Find all of the chirality centers:
ANSWER
Confident Chemistry.
Enantiomers
How do I draw the enantiomer of a chiral molecule?
What are enantiomers?
A chiral molecule and its mirror image are enantiomers of one another.
Confident Chemistry.
How to draw the enantiomer of a molecule:
1. Reflect molecule in a mirror plane and re-draw:
Confident Chemistry.
How to draw the enantiomer of a molecule:
1. Reflect molecule in a mirror plane and re-draw:
Confident Chemistry.
How to draw the enantiomer of a molecule:
2. Swap any two groups on every chirality center and re-draw the molecule:
Confident Chemistry.
How to draw the enantiomer of a molecule:
2. Swap any two groups on every chirality center and re-draw the molecule:
Confident Chemistry.
Enjoy this type of learning?
Check out all of the resources at www.confidentchemistry.com.
Let's go!
Confident Chemistry.
1- Chirality and Enantiomers
Samantha Anderson
Created on June 5, 2022
This is an organic chemistry video tutorial on chirality and enantiomers. You'll learn how to tell if a molecule is chiral or achiral, learn how to identify chirality centers, and learn how to draw the enantiomer of a given molecule.
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Transcript
Chirality & Enantiomers
Start
You'll learn how to:
tell whether or not a molecule is chiral
identify chirality centers
draw the enantiomer of a molecule
Confident Chemistry.
Chirality
How do I know if a molecule is chiral or achiral?
What is chirality?
A chiral molecule or object (like a hand) cannot be superimposed on its mirror image.
Confident Chemistry.
What is chirality?
A chiral molecule or object (like a hand) cannot be superimposed on its mirror image.
Confident Chemistry.
Confident Chemistry.
What is chirality?
A chiral molecule or object (like a hand) cannot be superimposed on its mirror image.
Confident Chemistry.
What is chirality?
An achiral molecule or object CAN be superimposed on its mirror image.
Confident Chemistry.
How can I tell if it's chiral?
The easiest way to tell is to look for a plane of symmetry:
Confident Chemistry.
How can I tell if it's chiral?
The easiest way to tell is to look for a plane of symmetry:
Confident Chemistry.
How can I tell if it's chiral?
The easiest way to tell is to look for a plane of symmetry:
Confident Chemistry.
ACHIRAL
CHIRAL
Confident Chemistry.
ACHIRAL
CHIRAL
Confident Chemistry.
Chirality Centers
How do I find them? How do they affect molecules?
What are chirality centers?
When an sp3 hybridized atom is connected to four different groups, we call it a chirality center.
Confident Chemistry.
Finding chirality centers:
Usually, it's as simple as looking for carbons attached to four different groups. It can help to draw in implicit hydrogen atoms!
Confident Chemistry.
More about chirality centers:
Heteroatoms (atoms that aren't carbon) can also be chirality centers:
Confident Chemistry.
More about chirality centers:
Heteroatoms (atoms that aren't carbon) can also be chirality centers:
Confident Chemistry.
More about chirality centers:
Molecules with one chirality center will be chiral. Molecules with more than one chirality center may or may not be chiral.
Confident Chemistry.
More about chirality centers:
Molecules with one chirality center will be chiral. Molecules with more than one chirality center may or may not be chiral.
Confident Chemistry.
Axial chirality:
A molecule can have ZERO chirality centers and still be chiral, as long as it has no planes or centers of symmetry. These molecules have a chiral axis rather than a chirality center.
Confident Chemistry.
Find all of the chirality centers:
ANSWER
Confident Chemistry.
Enantiomers
How do I draw the enantiomer of a chiral molecule?
What are enantiomers?
A chiral molecule and its mirror image are enantiomers of one another.
Confident Chemistry.
How to draw the enantiomer of a molecule:
1. Reflect molecule in a mirror plane and re-draw:
Confident Chemistry.
How to draw the enantiomer of a molecule:
1. Reflect molecule in a mirror plane and re-draw:
Confident Chemistry.
How to draw the enantiomer of a molecule:
2. Swap any two groups on every chirality center and re-draw the molecule:
Confident Chemistry.
How to draw the enantiomer of a molecule:
2. Swap any two groups on every chirality center and re-draw the molecule:
Confident Chemistry.
Enjoy this type of learning?
Check out all of the resources at www.confidentchemistry.com.
Let's go!
Confident Chemistry.