Morphology Back-formation and Conversion

Team Morphology Meeting 10

university of pamulangenglish literature 04sigp001

1. Achmad Banun
2. Callista Marsha P
3. Della Fitri
4. Putri Raissa
5. M. Faiz Rustanto
6. Siti Nurhikmah

Back-fomation and Conversion

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Back-formation

Definition

The definition of back-formation is a word created by removing a part of another word, or the process of how this new word is made. Put simply, a back-formation is a shortened word. Instead of adding affixe to words, in the back-formation process, affixes are removed from original words to create new wods.

An example of Back-formation

Babysitter(Babysit)

Housekeeper(Housekeep)

Addiction(Addict)

Back-formation or retrograde formation is a type of word formation where a new word is made by removing a supposed affix from the assumed original morphological structure

For example, emote from emoticon, enthuse from enthusiasm. It often occurs if the removed affix of the original word in question has the same phonological from as another productive affix already present in the language. Another example is the word editor. of which the word edit is a back-formation, also contains the phonological form -er, which in English is a suffix used to build new nouns denoting a person who perfoms the action denoted by a verb.

Lazy(Laze)

Donation(Donate)

Aggress(Aggression)

Registrate(Register)

Remediate(Remedy)

Administrate(Administer)

Conversion

In Linguistics, Conversion also called Zero Devarition or null devarition.

Conversion or zero derivation conversion is a kind of word formation where you create a word (a noun) from another word (a verb) without changing its form. Or more simply is to change the word class without adding a formal affix. Or other definition is a word formation process in which a word is assigned in syntatic category without any change in form.

An example of Convension

A word can be used as a noun and a verb

Total (N) : the final number or amount of things, people etc, when everything has been counted.Total (V) : to reach a particular total. A total of fourteen discussion were held on the topic. The loss totaled $5,000 this week.

Ink (N) : a coloured liquid that you use for writing, printing, or drawing.Ink (V) : to make a document, agreement etc official and legal by writing your signature on it. The parties have inked a deal.

Call (N) : to telephone someone.Call (V) : when you speak to someone on the telephone. That was a quick call. Call me on Sundays.

Total is also used as a noun, for example "A total of fourteen discussion were held on the topic" (the final number or amount of things, people etc, when everything has been counted. But we can go further that that so we can say, "The loss totaled $5,000 this week" this is a verb (to reach a particular total).'Total' the noun has been formed through the process of zero derivation from 'total' the verb. ''Call' the noun has been through the morphological process of conversion from the verb 'call', the same applies to 'ink'. The verb 'Ink' has been derived through zero derivation or through conversion.

So basically, in conversion or zero derivation, you don't change anything, all you do is say this word which up untill now was a noun can be used from now on also as a verb. For example, the word Ink is a noun, at some point speakers of English decided that it can also be used as a verb. "The two parties have inked a deal" ink means to make a document etc legal by writing your signature on it. Other example is the word call underwent the same process it became a noun. "So that was a quick call." is a noun (to telephone someone) and "Call me on Sundays." is a verb (when you speak to someone on the telephone.)

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