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Philosophers of the Enlightenment

Hazen Dauphinee

Created on May 8, 2022

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Transcript

The Enlightenment

Presentation

start

index

1. Age of Philosophy

7. Smith

2. Locke

8. Map

3. Hobbes

9.

4. Montesquieu

10.

5. Rousseau

11.

6. Voltaire

12.

Locke

  • He believed that power is concentrated in the people who are governed; so, they are the ones who should exercise authority.
  • He believed that the government ONLY exists to ensure that people’s inalienable rights are protected:
  • Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

Locke

  • The people should remove a government that does not rule justly
  • He believed people should have the power to partake in political decision making (voting)

Hobbes

He believed that the only effective rule was by absolute power and authority

The only way to control people and allow society to prosper is to closely and firmly control it

Famous author of Leviathan / One thinker of the Social Contract...

People have a natural tendency to spiral into chaos and anarchy

Montesquieu

  • He believed you have to separate political power into different/separate branches to prevent one from growing too powerful
  • Typically, we believe there should be a legislative, executive, and judicial branch

Montesquieu

Rousseau

The general will of the people could not be decided by elected representatives. Was the true founder of the Social Contract Had theories on the Discourse of Inequality--How humans fit into society.

Voltaire

Very versatile writer who create pamphlets and books on philosophical thought.

Was strongly against Slavery, believed that it was against human nature and ethics.

Advocated for Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Religion, and Separation of Church and State

Criticized the Church, especially Roman Catholics

Adam Smith

  • Studied Moral Sentiments and wrote a book on it. Believe that Man was centered on his own self interest.
  • Father of Economics-Believed that people's economy should be left alone.
  • Invisible Hand

Smith

Where in the World?

The areas marked on the right are where the respective Enlightenment philosophers are from.

thanks!