EGYPT FEMINISM IDENTITY

Egyptian

Feminist identity

Presented by : Maryam.Albeshri, Sara. Aljasmi, Shaikha.Alharfi, Sara.Alblooshi

Table of Contexts

Origin of feminism in Egypt ( Sara Aljasmi) Egyptian feminist ( Shaikha Alharfi)Major feminist movements & organizations (Maryam.Albeshri) What feminism rights are like in Egypt ( Sara.Alblooshi) Video ( Feminism empowerment) Refrences The End ( Thanks)

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History /origins of egyptian feminism

• Feminism first appeared in Egypt during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as part of plenty of other regional intellectual currents.

• Qasim Amin employed progressive arguments for gender reform on multiple issues.

• Historians have established that significant Islamic modernists such as Ali Mubarak and Rifa'a al-Tahtawi, were among the first to tackle "the woman question”.

• Among the developers who tackled women's home seclusion were A'ishah al-Taymuriyah and Zainab al-Fawwaz. Including that in 1892, Hind Nawfal established a women's press to further emphasize feminism within society.

• Nemours Egyptian women developed philanthropy and social welfare as a path out of domestic isolation, and eventually became teachers and administrators in the education systems.

• Not all women’s organizations agreed on the proper role for women in Egyptian society or what gender relations should be. Other, more conservative organizations idealized the constructed social roles for women.

Egyptian Feminist

• Egyptian feminist and nationalist who founded various groups dedicated to women's rights and is often regarded as the originator of Egypt's feminist movement.

• Her father, Muhammad Sultan Pasha, was active in Egyptian national politics and held a variety of government posts. As an upper-class female, Huda Sharawi grew up in the harem system.

• In 1908 Sharawi helped found the first secular philanthropic organization operated by Egyptian women, a medical dispensary for underprivileged women and children. She went on to found and serve as president of the Wafdist Women’s Central Committee in 1920.

• In 1923 she founded the Egyptian Feminist Union, which sought woman suffrage, reforms to personal status laws, and increased educational opportunities for girls and women. Under her leadership, the Egyptian Feminist Union launched the magazine L’Égyptienne (later Al-Misriyyah) in 1925, and the Arab Feminist Union launched Al-Marʾah al-Arabiyyah (“The Arab Woman”) in 1946.

Huda

Sha'arawi1

EGYPTIAN FEMINIST

• One of the first Egyptian feminists and nationalists who founded various groups dedicated to women's rights and is often regarded as the originator of Egypt's feminist movement.

• Nabawiyya was born into a middle-class family in a village near Zagazig in Lower Egypt.

• Nabawiyya set about educating herself with the help of her brother. She gained admission to the Saniyya School, which was the first teacher training college for women in Egypt.

• By 1907, she had become the first girl to sit and pass the secondary school exam.

• in 1910, she headed a teacher training school in Mansura, and by 1915, she was put in charge of the Wardian Women Teachers Training School in Alexandria.

• She was a founding member of the Egyptian Feminist Union along with Huda Sha’arawi. She attended the International Suffrage Alliance Conference in Rome in 1923.

• founded a journal called Majallat Al-Fattah (The Girl’s Magazine) which ran from 1937-1943. She used this publication to share her autobiography over the period 1938-1942. Called Dhikiriyyati (Memoirs).

Nabawiyya

Musa

#Guardianshipismyright movement

The Egyptian cabinet approved a personal status bill that would require women to get the consent of a male guardian to get married, to register a child’s birth or to travel abroad. The draft law also gives fathers priority in child custody matters (currently mothers are given priority) and it also allows fathers to prevent mothers from traveling with their children. In matters of marriage, a male guardian such as a father or a brother would sign the marriage contract, not the wife.

Women turned to a proven outlet, launching a Twitter hashtag in opposition of the measure, #Guardianshipismyright. They flooded the social media platform with stories about instances in which current laws and social mores have already prevented them from making decisions for their children or for themselves, even on matters of their own reproductive health.

Nehad Abu El Kosman, head of the Egyptian Center for Women’s Rights, called the bill “repressive” and “patriarchal” in a video statement. “We completely reject this shocking draft law,” she said. “It takes us back 200 years.” El Kosman said the bill doesn’t reflect the reality of Egypt today, where 18.1 percent of women are the head of their households.

The Feminist Organizations in Egypt

On February 24, 2011, an alliance came together to protect and support women. Called the Coalition of Feminist Organizations in Egypt, it was composed of 16 groups, including New Woman Foundation, Women and Memory Forum, Center of Egyptian Women Legal Aid, Women’s Forum for Development, Alliance of Arab Women, Egyptian Association for Family Development, and “Nazra” Association for Feminist Studies.

The coalition brought together different anti-sexual harassment support groups such as OpAntiSH (Operation Anti-Sexual Harassment/Assault) and Tahrir Bodyguard, and other initiatives.

Together, these support groups organized rescue teams, provided medical and psychological support to victims, and raised public awareness.

What feminism rights are like in Egypt

• Egypt’s president in 2014 abdel fattah al-sisi has declared his support of egyptian women on multiple occasions.

• Alsisi’s feminist stance soon proved to be more of a strategy to harness women’s support against the Muslim Brotherhood than a genuine commitment to gender equality.

• The Egyptian government does not tolerate any form of feminism but its own. The National Council for Women (NCW) is the official government entity tasked with empowering women and ending discrimination.

• Women’s rights organisations, such as Nazra for Feminist Studies and the Center for Egyptian Women’s Legal Assistance (CEWLA) had their assets frozen and their leaders banned from travelling.

• Women rights’ defenders face abject hostility in al-Sisi’s Egypt. Egyptian women frequently use social media to denounce gender-based violence and end up being silenced by the government .

• Human rights defender Amal Fathy was arrested in June 2018 for posting a video on Facebook criticising the authorities’ inaction in the fight against sexual harassment.

VIDEO

References

Torunoglu, G. (2016, June). Feminism in Egypt: New Alliances, Old Debates. Origins. Retrieved May 9, 2022, from https://origins.osu.edu/article/feminism-egypt-new-alliances-old-debates?language_content_entity=en&msclkid=a0ddfdffcef311eca7ee96b45804f728 ( Main source for presentation)

Elliott, A. Branaman,A. (Ed.). (2011). Chapter2, Feminism and identity. Routledge Handbook of Identity Studies. Taylor & Francis Group. ProQuest Ebook Central https://ebookcentral.proquest.com ( Class reading)

Egypt's government does not tolerate feminism but its own. EuroMed Rights. (2021, March 31). Retrieved May 8, 2022, from https://euromedrights.org/publication/egypts-government-does-not-tolerate-feminism-but-its-own/ ( Sara Alblooshi) (used individually )

El-Faizy, M. (2021, April 1). As grassroots feminist movement takes hold, Egypt moves to restrict women's rights even further. France 24. Retrieved May 9, 2022, from https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20210401-as-grassroots-feminist-movement-takes-hold-egypt-moves-to-restrict-women-s-rights-even-further?msclkid=a7dd3110cee111eca02686a18ac022ba ( Maryam.Albeshri) ( used individually)

Nabawiyya Musa 1890-1951 - sister-hood magazine. A fuuse production by Deeyah Khan. sister. (2019, December 16). Retrieved May 9, 2022, from https://sister-hood.com/sister-hood-staff/nabawiyya-musa-1890-1951/ (Shaikha Alharfi) ( used individually) Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). Huda Sharawi. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 9, 2022, from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Huda-Sharawi (Shaikha Alharfi) (used individually)

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