Modern Spain: the 20th century

Modern spain

The 20th century

Start

TH CENTURY

1. Spain in the early 20th century

2. The Spanish Civil War

3. Spain during Franco's dictatorship

4. Spain since 1975

5. Art and culture in 20th-century Spain

The second Republic

spain in the early 20th century

The second Republic began in 1931 when the Republicans and Socialists won the municipal elections

The start of the 20th century was the continuation of the Restoration,witch began when Alfonso XII became king.And ended when Primo de Rivera became dictator.In 1931 the Second Republic was stablished.In 1923 General Miguel Primo de Rivera established a dictatorship: -The king lost most of his powers. -Pollitical parties became illegal. -Freedom and press was limited by censorship.

• Manuel Azaña became president.
• There was a new constitution and Spain became democracy.
• The Church lost control of education.
• Public schools were established.
• There was more regional autonomy.
• The governament took land from big landowners.

These reforms divided Spanish society and cause political conflict:

• Left-wing: People supported the changes.
• Right-wing: People opposed de changes.

The Spanish Civil War

The war ended in April 1939 ,the Nationalist won,and the Second Republic ended.Franco established a right-wing dictatorship

In 1936 a military rebellion against the Second Republic began in Spanish Morocco.Its leader was General Francisco Franco

Consequences

1. Around 365 000 people died
2. People were imprisioned or killed because of their opinions
3. Roads,bridges,railways and buildings were destroyed.
4. People became ill because there wasn´t enough food
5. Many Spanish children were sent rto other countries,some of these children never saw their families again

The rebelion quickly became a civil war whivh affected all of Spain

• The Nationalist were suppported by Germany and Italy
• The Republicans were supported by the Soviet Union

Spain during franco's dictatorship

After Nationalist won the Spanish Civil War,Franco established a dictatorship.

The constitution were abolished and there were no more democratic elections:

• Political parties became illegal
• Trade unions also became illegal and workers lost their rights
• Freedom of the press was replaced by censorship
• There was no regional autonomy.Power was concentrated in the central governament

The militaryThe Catholic Church The Falange

Spain since 1975

Two parties have governed Spain at different times:

Today,Spain is a democracy.After Juan Carlos became king in 1975,the transition to democracy began.The transition was completed in 1978 with a new consitution. Adolfo Suárez, the prime minister, intruduced important reforms:

• Socialist Party ( PSOE)
• People's Party (PP)

-In 1981 there was attempted military coup. -In 1986 Spain became member of European Economic Community. -In 2002 the euro replaced the peseta

• All political parties were made legal.
• There was a democratic election in 1977.
• A new constitution was written

In 1978 people voted in favour of the constitution in a referedum,so it was adopted.

Spain since 1975

Two parties have governed Spain at different times:

Today,Spain is a democracy.After Juan Carlos became king in 1975,the transition to democracy began.The transition was completed in 1978 with a new consitution. Adolfo Suárez, the prime minister, intruduced important reforms:

• Socialist Party ( PSOE)
• People's Party (PP)

-In 1981 there was attempted military coup. -In 1986 Spain became member of European Economic Community. -In 2002 the euro replaced the peseta

• All political parties were made legal.
• There was a democratic election in 1977.
• A new constitution was written

In 1978 people voted in favour of the constitution in a referedum,so it was adopted.

Cubism

art and culture in 20th-century spain

Generation of '27

Abstract art

Pablo picasso,Guernica

Surrealism

Eduardo Chillida, Eulogy

Miguel Hernández, Nanas de la cebolla

Salvador Dalí, The persistence of memory

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