DNL

The Great London Smog

What is The Great London Smog ?

- The Big Smoke, of 1952 is the particularly dense smog that covered London from Friday 5 to Tuesday, December 9, 1952- It was caused by a combination of industrial pollution and high-pressure weather conditions. - On December 5, 1952, people in London began to suffer respiratory illnesses after breathing thick smog. - The most significant pollution episodes in history

How The Great Smog begins ?

- As the day progressed, a veil of fog began to enshroud Big Ben, St. Paul's Cathedral, London Bridge, and other city landmarks.- The fog began to turn a sickly shade of yellowish-brown. - Londoners went about their business, ignoring the foul air. But within a day, it became impossible to ignore the unfolding crisis.

London fog becomes London Smog...

- By the 20th century, London fogs had become less frequent as factories began to move out of the city. But on December 5, an anticyclone settled over London, that caused an inversion in the weather

- The result was the worst pollution-based fog in the city’s history.

- As a result, the emissions of factories and domestic fires could not be released into the atmosphere and remained trapped

- This variety of fog later came to be known as smog, a term invented by a Londoner in the early 20th century.

The Big Smoke settles in

The reasons behind its appearence

- The polluted fog was an issue in London as early as the 13th century, due to the burning of coal- Complaints about smoke and pollution increased in the 1600s when ultimately ineffective legislation was passed under King James I to restrict coal burning.

- Air pollution reached a crisis in the 19th century with the spread of the Industrial Revolution and the rapid growth of the metropolis. - London’s weather also contributed to the Great Smog.

Health effects of the Great Smog

Early accounts had suggested that 4,000 people had died prematurely from smog, more recent research has shown that those deaths were underestimated; it would be much higher, around 12,000 dead.

Aftermath of the Big Smoke...

The Great Smog of 1952 caused the United Kingdom to enact stricter laws about air pollution. Many cities around the world have tried to limit how much pollution is in the air.

Its consequences prompted the passing of the Clean Air Act, which marked a turning point in the history of environmentalism.

- The act established smoke-free areas throughout the city and restricted the burning of coal in domestic fires as well as in industrial furnaces.- Though the change was gradual and another smog crisis occurred in 1962, the Clean Air Act is generally considered a major event in the history of environmentalism, and it helped improve public health in Britain.

LEXICON :

Pumped : (of an inflatable object) filled up with air, especially by using a pumpSmokestacks : a chimney or funnel for discharging smoke from a locomotive, ship, factory, etc Chimneys : a vertical channel or pipe which conducts smoke and combustion gases up from a fire or furnace and typically through the roof of a building Brew : make (beer) by soaking, boiling, and fermentation. Foul air : dirty and smells or tastes unpleasant. Unprecedented:never done or known before “Pea-souper”: a very thick yellowish fog Stew : a state of great anxiety or agitation Hazes : cloudiness Impaired : weakened or damaged Plethora : a large or excessive amount of something Spike:a sharp increase in the magnitude or concentration of something

Smog : Smog is a thick brownish haze, resulting from a mixture of atmospheric pollutants, which limits visibility in the atmosphere. It consists mainly of fine particles and ozone. Smog is associated with several adverse health and environmental effects. A near standstill : It’s become to be the end Lethal : Mortal Illnesses : a disease or period of sickness affecting the body or mind awareness-raising : When you raise awareness, you are publicizing an important cause Dawned : become evident to the mind; be perceived or understood A veil : a thing that serves to cover, conceal, or disguise. Misty : full of, covered with, or accompanied by Enshroud : envelop completely and hide from view Sickly : unpleasant in a way that induces discomfort or nausea Soot : a deep black powdery or flaky substance consisting largely of amorphous carbon, produced by the incomplete burning of organic matter

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