[PRESENTATION] FALLACY: APPEAL TO EMOTION

ARE THERE ANY FALLACIES IN THE REASONING?

WHAT IS HAPPENING?

INDEX

Appeal to Popularity

Either-Or

Ad Hominem

Appeal to Questionable Authority

Narrative

Explaining by Naming

Slippery Slope

Appeal to Emotion

The Planning Fallacy

Searching for Perfect Sollution

Compare

Straw Person

Definition

Introduction

Practise

Example

Summary

Conclusion

01

DEFINITION

“The use of emotionally charged language to distract readers and listeners from relevant reasons and evidence”

Emotional appeal is the manipulation of emotions without any regards to the acceptable, valid or compelling argument.

THE APPEAL TO EMOTION:

- Can be highly effective, due to the nature of human cognition:

• Process information and make decisions:

Intuitive (emotional response) > Logical, fact-based reasoning process - In many cases, people might utilize a reasoning process in a flawed way:

• To confirm their emotional intuition
• Without being aware of doing so

THE APPEAL TO EMOTION

- People often use emotional fallacies to get others to do what they want. Ex: If you are persuading others to do a “favor” for you: connect with them on a deeper level that will ensure their help. => often used by sellers to attract more customers, by fund-raisers to get more donations or by debaters to win the argument.

MAIN typeS of emotion

Positive emotions:

Negative emotions:

Anger, hate, jealousy, pity, guilt, anxiety, fear, sadness, shame…

Joy, hope, kindness, compassion, empathy, trust, respect, gratitude,...

NOTE

- Some “positive emotions”: be viewed as either positive or negative (depending on the context).Ex: Pride: + a positive emotion: when it’s centered around feelings of accomplishment that lead to the desire to help others achieve the same, + a negative emotion: when it’s centered around feelings of superiority that lead to contempt toward others.

02

Example

Should Congress approve a federally funded child development program that would provide day-care centers for children?

I am against the government’s child development program. First, I am interested in protecting the children of this country. They need to be protected from social planners and self-righteous ideologues who would disrupt the normal course of children’s lives and tear them from their mothers and families to make them pawns in a universal scheme designed to produce infinite happiness in 20 years. Children should grow up with their mothers, not with a series of caretakers and nurses’ aides. What is at issue is whether parents shall continue to have the right to form the characters of their children, or whether the state with all its power should be given the tools and techniques for forming the young.

CONCLUSION

The government’s child development program is a mistake.

=> None specific facts => Reason: saturated with undefined and emotionally loaded generalities. => Typically generate negative emotions that the writer or speaker hopes readers and listeners will associate with the position she is attacking.

REASON

1. Our children need to be protected from social planners and self-righteous ideologues, who would disrupt the normal course of children’s lives and tear them from their families.

2. The parents, not the state, should have the right to form the characters of their children.

emotional appeals is a logical trick:

I am against the government’s child development program. First, I am interested in protecting the children of this country. They need to be protected from social planners and self-righteous ideologues who would disrupt the normal course of children’s lives and tear them from their mothers and families to make them pawns in a universal scheme designed to produce infinite happiness in 20 years. Children should grow up with their mothers, not with a series of caretakers and nurses’ aides. What is at issue is whether parents shall continue to have the right to form the characters of their children, or whether the state with all its power should be given the tools and techniques for forming the young.

- First, appealing to our emotions with her choice of words=> our emotional reactions will get us to agree with her conclusion. - Second, set up a position to attack, which in fact does not exist => get us on her side, which is related to another type of fallacies so we won’t be analysing it right now. - When communicators stimulate emotional reactions from people and then rely on that reaction, rather than warrants to create agreement with their conclusion, they commit the appeal to emotion fallacy.

EXAMPLE 2

Analyze video

03

Conclusion

Fallacy: Appeal to Emotion

The use of emotionally charged language to distract readers and listeners from relevant reasons and evidence. People often use this to get others to do what they want. Common emotions appealed to can be both positive and negative, for example fear, hope, patriotism, pity, and sympathy.

CONTACT

k60.2111520040@ftu.edu.vn

TEAM 7

VU DUC ANH

HOANG NGUYEN HUY

Presentor

Presentor

DUONG THI KHANH LINH

Designer

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