UN

THE UNITED NATIONS

IT'S A SUPRANATIONAL ORGANISATION

193 MEMBER STATES

3 MAIN PURPOSES OF THE U.N.

to maintain international peace and security; to develop friendly relations among nations; to cooperate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights

WHEN

The Charter of the United Nations is the founding document of the United Nations and and international treaty. It was signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco, at the conclusion of the United Nations Conference on International Organization, and came into force on 24 October 1945. It sets out the rights and obligations of Member States and establishes the principal organs and procedures of the United Nations.

The Organization formally came into existence on 24 October 1945, with 51 countries considered founding Members (SAN FRANCISCO CONFERENCE) The name “United Nations” was suggested by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt

WHERE

HQ IN NEW YORK

The United Nations Headquarters is an international zone. This means that the land on which the UN sits does not belong to just the United States, the host country, but to all the Members of the United Nations.

STRUCTURE

The work of the United Nations is carried out almost all over the world and is done by six main organs: 1. General Assembly 2. Security Council 3. Economic and Social Council 4. Trusteeship Council 5. International Court of Justice 6. Secretariat All these organs are based at UN Headquarters in New York, except for the International Court of Justice, which is located at The Hague, Netherlands.

LANGUAGE

The official languages used at the United Nations are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russianand Spanish. The working languages at the UN Secretariat are English and French.

GENERAL ASSEMBLY (GA)

All members of the United Nations (currently are represented in the General Assembly. Each nation, rich or poor, large or small, has one vote. Decisions on such issues as international peace and security, admitting new members and the UN budget are decided by a twothirds majority FUNCTION: To discuss and make recommendations on any subject

SECURITY COUNCIL

the Security Council has primary responsibility for questions of peace and security. The Security Council has 15 members. 5 are permanent members: and 10 non permanent members ( two-year term) Functions To investigate any dispute or situation which might lead to international conflict; To recommend methods and terms of settlement; To recommend actions against any threat or act of aggression;

PERMANENT MENBER STATES

FRANCEUSA RUSSIA CHINA UK

SECURITY COUNCIL

The PERMANENT MEMBER STATES were given a special voting power known as the “right to veto”. It was agreed by the drafters that if any one of the “big five” cast a negative vote in the 15-member Security Council, the resolution or decision would not be approved.

PERMANENT MENBER STATES

FRANCEUSA RUSSIA CHINA UK

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

The Economic and Social Council is the forum to discuss economic problems, such as trade, transport, economic development, and social issues.

TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL

In 1945, when the United Nations was established, there were eleven territories (mostly in Africa and in the Pacific Ocean) that were placed under international supervision. The major goals of the Trusteeship System were to promote the advancement of the inhabitants of Trust Territories The Trusteeship Council is composed of the permanent members of the Security Council

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) was established in 1945 and assumed its functions in 1946 as the main UN organ for handing down legal judgments. Only countries, not individuals, can take cases before the Court. It has fifteen judges who are elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council. No two judges can come from the same country. Nine judges have to agree before a decision can be made. All the judgments passed by the Court are final and without appeal.

THE SECRETARIAT

The Secretariat, headed by the Secretary-General, consists of an international staff working at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, and all over the world. It carries out the day-to-day work of the Organization. The UN Charter describes the Secretary-General as the “chief administrative officer” of the Organization António Guterres

PEACE KEEPING OPERATIONS

The UN was created to keep peace. How does it do that? The United Nations serves as a global forum where countries can raise and discuss the most difficult issues, including problems of war and peace. When government leaders talk to each other face-to-face, a dialogue is established. This can result in agreement on how to peacefully settle disputes. When many countries speak with one voice – or by consensus it creates a global pressure on all. The Secretary-General, either directly or through a representative, may also advance a dialogue between and among nations.

PEACE KEEPING OPERATIONS

Peacekeeping operations are established by the Security Council and directed by the Secretary-General, often through a special representative. When a threat to peace is brought before the Council, it usually first asks the parties to reach agreement by peaceful means. If fighting breaks out or persists, the Council tries to secure a ceasefire. It may then send peacekeeping missions to troubled areas to restore peace or call for economic sanctions and embargoes

PEACE KEEPING OPERATIONS

What happens when a country ignores the decisions of the Security Council? When decisions of the Security Council are not complied with, the Council may take several actions to ensure their implementation. Should a country threaten or breach the peace or commit an act of aggression, it may impose economic and trade sanctions, or other specific measures such as arms and travel ban and diplomatic restrictions

Discussion

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INFO

PEACE KEEPING OPERATIONS

Peacekeeping operations fulfill the role of a neutral third party to help create and maintain a ceasefire and form a buffer zone between warring parties. They also provide electoral assistance and help in clearing deadly landmines. As peacekeepers maintain peace on the ground, mediators from the United Nations meet with leaders from the disputing parties or countries and try to reach a peaceful solution. There are two types of peacekeeping operations: observer missions and peacekeeping forces. Observers are not armed. Soldiers of UN peacekeeping forces carry light weapons, which they may use only in self-defence. The UN peacekeepers are easily identifiable by the UN insignia and the blue beret they wear when on duty

UN have an army? No, the United Nations has no standing international police or military force

Specialized agencies and related organizations maintaining liaison offices at Headquarters

FAO

FAO is working to achieve food security for all and make sure that people have regular access to enough high-quality food to lead active, healthy lives.

WHO

Founded in 1948, WHO is the United Nations agency that connects nations, partners and people to promote health, keep the world safe and serve the vulnerable – so everyone, everywhere can attain the highest level of health.

UNESCO

UNESCO’s mission is to contribute to the building of a culture of peace, the eradication of poverty, sustainable development and intercultural dialogue through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information.

IFAD

At (IFAD) they invest in rural people, empowering them to increase their food security, improve the nutrition of their families and increase their incomes. We help them build resilience, expand their businesses and take charge of their own development.

IMF

The International Monetary Fund promotes international financial stability and monetary cooperation. It also facilitates international trade, promotes employment and sustainable economic growth, and helps to reduce global poverty. The IMF is governed by and accountable to its 190 member countries.