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Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

EGYPT

Women in ancient egypt

by hala elmolla

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

How did archeology help us understand the role of women in ancient Egyptian society and politics?

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Structure

3. Women from all classes

1. Definitions & Background information

3.1. Lower class

3.2. Middle class

1.1. Archeology

3.3. Upper class

1.2. Ancient Egypt

4. Comparing gender roles of ancient civilizations

2. Social Structure

2.1. Social Pyramid

5. Conclusion

2.2. Role of Men

2.3. Role of Women

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Definitions & Background information

Archeology & Ancient Egypt

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

1.1. archeology

• study of human past using material remains
• portable remains > tools > artifacts
• Non-portable > pyramids > features

• Archaeologists learn how people lived in specific times & places

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

1.2. Ancient Egypt

• ancient egyptian civilisation - over 3000 years > most powerful

• stretched as far north as modern day Syria

• & as far south as todays Sudan

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

1.2. Ancient Egypt

• ancient egyptian civilisation - over 3000 years > most powerful & iconic

• stretched as far north as modern day Syria

• & as far south as todays Sudan
• before empire > city states along nile

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

1.2. Ancient Egypt

• ancient egyptian civilisation - over 3000 years > most powerful & iconic

• stretched as far north as modern day Syria

• & as far south as todays Sudan
• before empire > city states along nile
• two regions > upper & lower Egypt

lower Egypt

lower Egypt

upper Egypt

upper Egypt

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

1.2. Ancient Egypt

• ancient Egyptian civilization - over 3000 years > most powerful & iconic

• stretched as far north as modern-day Syria

• & as far south as today's Sudan
• before empire > city-states along Nile
• two regions > upper & lower Egypt
• 3100 B.C. united > Egyptian state

lower Egypt

upper Egypt

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Timeline

The Middle Kingdom

The New Kingdom

The Old Kingdom

(ca. 2675 - 2130 B.C.E)

(ca. 1980 - 1630 B.C.E.)

(ca. 1539 - 1075 B.C.E.)

second intermediate period

first intermediate period

(ca. 1630 - 1539/1523 B.C.E)

(ca. 2130 - 1980 B.C.E.)

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

social structure

Social pyramid & Gender Roles

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

PHARAOH

GOVERMENT OFFICIALS

NOBLES & PRIESTS

SOLDIERS & SCRIBES

CRAFTSMEN

PEASANTS & SLAVES

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

2.2. Role of Men

• Male roles less dominant than in other societies of the time
• inherit their fathers job; provide for family & take care of parents
• expected to establish themselves before wife & family

• head of household & had final word
• marriage advice > be good to wife

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

2.3. Role of Women

• could rule country & same basic human rights as men
• could own property, initiate divorce, own & operate own businesses, etc.
• female rulers gained positions through male kings

• role as mother & wife came first

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

2.3. Role of Women

• story of creation key why women so prominent:
• all life started from waters of creation
• > the great sun emerged > create many equal male and female deities

• Osiris & Isis > siblings & married
• after Osiris's death, Isis's power resurrected him
• Isis seen as powerful & respected divine mother figure
• > inspired ancient Egyptian women

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

women from all classes

upper, Middle & Lower class

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.1. Lower Class - Amunet

• source of information:
• literature discovered around 1920 > love poems
• found in a pit near ancient Egyptian village > Deir el-Medina
• pit > failed attempt to find water source

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.1. Lower Class - Amunet

• Archeologists found pieces of pottery & letters
• love letters > peasant Amunet & noble lover Taaleef
• Amunet born & raised in Deir el-Medina with parents
• household servant for noble family
• > Taaleef was a scribe

• Amunets ability to read & write unknown

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.1. Lower Class - Amunet

• Taaleef's letter: wife passed away & wishes Amunet to live with him
• promises her wealthy life > become a doctor
• Amunet's letter: confesses love & promises love & support
• around 1923 her name in list of doctors discovered > no further information found

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.2. Middle Class - Merit

• source of information:
• 1906 February 15th, archaeologists Ernesto Schiaperelli & Arthur Weigall discovered tomb
• Egyptian couple lived around c.1450-1390 B.C.
• unique find > absolutely intact & many antiquities

+info

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.2. Middle Class - Merit

• Kha: chief of foreman > created tombs of pharaohs > Hatshepsut
• received honorable gifts > food, land, water, etc.

• Merit: lady of the house > housewife

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.2. Middle Class - Merit

• responsibilities as lady of the house:
• wake up family; cook; clean; childcare
• weaving & sewing, baking bread; brewing beer, etc.
• since Merit wealthy > servants helped and assisted her

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.2. Middle Class - Merit

• Merit's funerary goods:
• pieces of linen and clothing
• elaborate wigs
• beauty chest: perfume; cosmetics; moisturizers etc.
• passed away around age 30 in 1400 B.C.

+info

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.3. Upper Class - Hatshepsut

• Hatshepsut's existence unknown until 1822 > scholars able to read hieroglyphics of temples
• 1903 British archeologist Howard Carter > Hatshepsut's empty stone coffin
• archeologist team eventually found her mummy in 2007

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.3. Upper Class - Hatshepsut

• born in 1508 B.C. to Pharaoh Thutmose 1.

• after death of father & two brothers
• > half-brother Thutmose 2. heir to throne
• married Hatshepsut to legitimize claim to throne > one daughter & stepson

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.3. Upper Class - Hatshepsut

• after death of husband > stepson Thutmose 3. new heir to throne
• Hatshepsut queen regent until stepson old enough
• after years > declared herself pharaoh of Egypt
• depicted herself > male body & beard

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.3. Upper Class - Hatshepsut

• one of most successful Pharaohs
• expanded the empire's trade routes
• > sent forces on expedition to punt
• great success > army returned with many goods > gold & ivory, etc.

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

3.3. Upper Class - Hatshepsut

• built temple in her honor > paintings of life story
• scans of mummy > suffered from bone cancer
• passed away in 1458 B.C.
• stepson ordered eradication 20 years after death > revenge for stealing his throne

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Compairing gender roles of ancient civilizations

Ancient Greece & Rome

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Women of Ancient Egypt

Women of Ancient Rome

Women of Ancient Greece

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Conclusion

summary & Answer

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

funerary objects

artifacts

portable remains

hieroglyphics

temples

features

non-portable remains

pyramids

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Return

Thanks!

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

Sources

• Internet sources:
• https://www.history.com/.amp/topics/ancient-history/ancient-egypt
• https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/archaeology/3rd-grade/
• https://ancientegyptonline.co.uk/thegods/
• https://www.history.com/topics/ancient- history/hatshepsut
• https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02053/full
• https://ancientegyptonline.co.uk/isis/
• https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nefertiti
• https://ancientegyptonline.co.uk/sekhmet/
• https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-queen-who-would-be-king-130328511/
• https://www.jstor.org/stable/25486220?read- now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A1ae81fdddaa2123d74b948e4e7e4a590&seq=10

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

• https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/queens-egypt-pharaohs- nefertiti-cleopatra-book-talk
• https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/first- feminist1.htm#:~:text=Lower%2Dclass%20women%20got%20out,and%20other%20entertai ners%20for%20royalty
• https://fathom.lib.uchicago.edu/1/777777190170/
• https://www.legendsandchronicles.com/ancient-civilizations/ancient-egypt/ancient-egyptian- men/
• https://www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_egypt/womens_roles.php
• https://www.neshaminy.org/cms/lib6/PA01000466/Centricity/Domain/439/Chapter%209%20 %20Daily%20Life%20in%20Ancient%20Egypt%20FULL%20TEXT%20with%20Pictures.p df
• https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/civil/egypt/egcl06e.html
• https://lisbdnet.com/what-was-the-largest-social-class-in-ancient-egypt/

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

• https://www.ushistory.org/civ/3f.asp
• Literatur sources:
• Ancient Egypt - Farid Atiya
• Women in Ancient Egypt - Barbara Watterson
• Video sources:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRvk7hKrvMU
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gb5XLanQocM&list=TLPQMDgwMzIwMjLQGOPdJ2 N58w&index=5
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMV2JZzGsa8&ab_channel=LexCarruthers
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5PHA2w_Nzs&ab_channel=MandieAva
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZQE4BVUEg4&list=TLPQMDgwMzIwMjLQGOPdJ2 N58w&index=2

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TxU1kl28Pds&list=TLPQMDgwMzIwMjLQGOPdJ2N5 8w&index=4Hatshepsut.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEr1vWsobDw
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93wMZx-a3_w&t=150s
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1BPjHILuM8
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRdvaik-dJI
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_LQ0tvSXu0
• Images:
• https://i.pinimg.com/originals/58/13/0c/58130ce298064ca3b6672d9d34b029fb.jpg
• https://www.pinterest.de/pin/692991461422720603/
• https://www.flickr.com/photos/cool-art/4443396829/in/photostream/
• https://www.pinterest.de/pin/512425263830567500/

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

additional sources

• https://www.britannica.com/science/archaeology
• https://www.britannica.com/place/ancient-Egypt
• https://www.nationalgeographic.org/topics/resource-library-ancient-egypt/?q=&page=1&per_page=25
• https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-egypt
• https://www.ushistory.org/civ/3f.as
• https://www.ushistory.org/civ/3b.as
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hO1tzmi1V5
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZQE4BVUEg4&list=TLPQMjgwMTIwMjLLXsqSaPt80A&index=4

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

• https://www.sidmartinbio.org/what-roles-did-men-have-in-egypt/
• https://www.reference.com/history/were-roles-men-ancient-egypt-b3efee18f7ec8c82
• https://www.ushistory.org/civ/3f.asp#:~:text=A%20woman's%20role%20as%20mother,as%20witnesses%20in%20court%20cases.
• https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/first-feminist1.htm#:~:text=Lower%2Dclass%20women%20got%20out,and%20other%20entertainers%20for%20royalty.
• https://www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com/kha-and-merit/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I13D0H88pD8

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule

picture sources:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hO1tzmi1V5g&list=RDQM0_vwJxxVRwE&start_radio=1
• https://henryzaidan.medium.com/gustav-klimt-isis-01-works-religious-art-interpretation-of-ancient-egyptians-deities-with-bcfc62a35d46
• https://www.flickr.com/photos/155826695@N06/49103188021
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TT8#/media/File:TT8_tomb_entrance_01.jpg
• https://www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com/kha-and-merit/
• https://www.pinterest.de/pin/341710690450177544/
• https://en.most-famous-paintings.com/MostFamousPaintings.nsf/A?Open&A=8BWTD9
• https://www.pinterest.de/pin/692991461423992654/

Hala Elmolla 5th exam component - Moser Schule