Color systems

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Color Systems

Color Systems

Color is the impression produced by a tone of light on the visual organs, or more accurately, it is a visual perception that is generated in the brain of humans and other animals by interpreting the nerve signals sent by the photoreceptors in the retina of the eye. Which in turn interpret and distinguish the different wavelengths that they capture from the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is studied by color science. Every illuminated body absorbs a part of the electromagnetic waves and reflects the rest. The reflected waves are captured by the eye and interpreted in the brain as different colors according to the corresponding wavelengths.

Subtractive

Additive

When producing physical colors as in paint a Subtractive System (CMYK) is used and when producing colors digitally as on a computer an Additive System (RGB) is used.

There are two types of Color Systems or Color Models that are commonly used for color creation:

Applies to paints and inks. Based on the cyan, magenta and yellow. Colors move from white to black. All colors includes the black. The absance of color is white. Examples: color wheel.

Applies to light. Based on the red, green and blue. Colors move from black to white. All colors includes the white. The absance of color is black. Examples: computer monitors, white light bulbs and sunlight.

Subtractive

Additive

Differences between these two

RGB

Secondary colors

Primary colors

Additive color or additive mixing is a property of a color model that predicts the appearance of colors made by coincident component lights, i.e. the perceived color can be predicted by summing the numeric representations of the component colors. Modern formulations of Grassmann's laws describe the additivity in the color perception of light mixtures in terms of algebraic equations. Additive color predicts perception and not any sort of change in the photons of light themselves. These predictions are only applicable in the limited scope of color matching experiments where viewers match small patches of uniform color isolated against a grey or black background.

Additive

Example:

To create colors on a computer screen we have to add light since the light source comes from within instead of reflecting the light coming from outside the system. When there is no light we see black and we as we add more color we move toward white.

Secondary colors

Primary colors

CMYK

Subtractive color or subtractive color predicts the spectral power distribution of light after it passes through successive layers of partially absorbing media. This idealized model is the essential principle of how dyes and inks are used in color printing and photography where the perception of color is elicited after white light passes through microscopic "stacks" of partially absorbing media allowing some wavelengths of light to reach the eye and not others.

Subtractive

When we see colors in physical objects we’re seeing reflective light. When we see red it’s because all the other wavelengths of light have been absorbed and only the red is reflected. This is a subtractive system, because to produce color we’re removing all the wavelengths of light who’s color we don’t want to see.

Example:

Why do we see colors?

Color vision is produced by the stimulation of different wavelengths of light on the cones. Cones are photosensitive cells that are located in the retina called photoreceptor layer. These cells are responsible for color vision. There are three types of cones: Type L: sensitive to long wavelengths (red color). Type M: sensitive to medium wavelengths (green color). Type S: sensitive to short wavelengths (blue color).

When it comes to a crystalline watery mass, the backlight color in the fish's vision is silvery blue. In the presence of algae, as in most rivers and lakes, it tends to be greenish yellow, and in muddy waters, the backlight is reddish.

How does fish see?

How do dogs see?

Dogs see colors in shades of blue and yellow, and are not able to distinguish between shades of colors such as red and green.

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