Effects of the Civil War
The Civil War confirmed the single political entity of the United States, led to freedom for more than four million enslaved Americans, established a more powerful and centralized federal government, and laid the foundation for America's emergence as a world power in the 20th century
Effects of the Civil War on the United States
After the war, the villages, cities and towns in the South were utterly destroyed. Furthermore, the Confederate bonds and currencies became worthless. All the banks in the South collapsed, and there was an economic depression in the South with deepened inequalities between the North and South.
The South
After the Civil War, the North was extremely prosperous. Its economy had boomed during the war, bringing economic growth to both the factories and the farms. Since the war had been fought mostly in the South, the North didn't have to rebuild.
The North
The South
The North
Effects of the Civil War on the South
1. The villages, cities and towns in the South were utterly destroyed. 2. The Confederate bonds and currencies became worthless. 3. All the banks in the South collapsed, and there was an economic depression in the South with deepened inequalities between the North and South. 4. 4 million slaves were freed with equal status to former slave owners. The South was also forced to reconstruct its labour system that was previously dependent on slaves. 5. There was poverty, with decreased production cash crops such as cotton and tobacco until 1879.
The plantation system was also destroyed and, in its place, the sharecropping system was introduced. Through sharecropping, landowners would lease out their lands to tenants for a share of the crops produced. 6. The KKK emerged to protect white supremacy just immediately after the war and punish any form of black excellence. There was radical prejudice against the blacks, and after the Enforcement Acts of the Reconstruction era, the Black Codes and the Jim Crow laws were introduced. The effect of this legislation was to provide a legal basis for segregation. 7. The Freedman’s Bureau of 1865 supported the integration of the African-Americans into society as freemen. This enabled blacks to access education and benefit from federal policies such as the Homestead Act. 8. Medical supplies were in short supply.
Effects of the Civil War on the North
The North attained its highest self-consciousness as a region during the war, when its name became synonymous with the Union. 1. Including the four border states that fought with the Union, the North at this time had a population of 22 million, produced 75 percent of the nation’s wealth, and possessed 81 percent of its factories.
2. The North itself was experiencing an unprecedented period of economic growth as it underwent industrialization. 3. As the 19th century progressed, the North, particularly the Middle Atlantic states and the Great Lakes area of the Midwest, became more and more typified by big cities, big business, and big industrial complexes. 4. Its ample natural resources, excellent inland waterway system, and proliferating railways confirmed the North as the economic hub of the country,
During the Civil War
1. Imports of goods from northern factories ceased, transportation networks were damaged, and Union blockades made it difficult for cotton growers to export their crops. Trade with Mexico provided some relief. But without larger trade networks, the residents of Texas suffered from shortages of many kinds.
2. During the Civil War, the Texas economy was based on agriculture. Cotton and cattle were the main sources of income for most farmers. The Union’s naval blockade cut off access to the ports along the Gulf Coast, where they conducted trade. As a result of the blockade, Texans began to experience food shortages.
3. For the first time, field hospitals separated wounded soldiers into three categories: mortally wounded, slightly wounded and surgical cases. Most of the amputations performed at field hospitals were indeed horrible scenes, but the surgery itself was not as crude as popular memory makes it out to have been. Anesthetics were readily available to surgeons, who administered chloroform or ether to patients before the procedure
4. The telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse in 1844, and telegraph wires soon sprang up all along the East Coast. During the war, 15,000 miles of telegraph cable was laid purely for military purposes.
Inventions of the Civil War
Women of Texas
Effects of the Civil War on Texas
Texans in the Civil War
The war transformed life for women across Texas. Secessionists encouraged Texan women to support Confederate nationalism by contributing to the war effort. The war changed societal requirements of elite White women in the South regarding patriotism and hierarchy.
Texas women marched in parades, authored editorials in newspapers, attended political gatherings, raised funds for soldiers, urged enlistment, participated in aid societies, and even organized local militias.
Letters between husbands, wives, and other relatives exchanged news, gave instructions, and offered advice related to business or accounting. Widows, single women, and wives adjusted to shortages, created debts, leased and sold slaves and land, and directed slave labor
Women, children, and enslaved workers did most of the farm work during the war. Until the war ended, women often had to perform the jobs usually done by men as well as their own household chores.
Women in the Civil War
Texas, After the Civil War
Following the defeat of the Confederate States in the American Civil War, Texas was mandated to rejoin the United States of America. … Texas fully rejoined the Union on March 30, 1870, when President Grant signed the act to readmit Texas to Congressional Representation.
The life of ordinary Texans was much affected by the war. Although the state suffered less economically than other Confederate states, many adjustments were necessary. The blockade resulted in shortages of many commodities, especially coffee, medicine, clothing, shoes, and farm implements. Texas beef contractors struggled to supply Confederate soldiers east of the Mississippi River following the fall of Vicksburg on July 4, 1863, and ranchers did not have the manpower to initiate large cattle drives
Furthermore, an extended drought lasted from 1857 through the fall of 1864 that devastated the wheat crop in Texas and wiped out many cattle raisers. Homespun clothing was worn as in early days; Governor Lubbock was inaugurated in a homespun suit.
Salt was so scarce that some Texans dug up the floors of their smokehouses and leached the dirt to recover the salt drippings. Thorns were used for pins, willow-bark extract and red pepper were mixed to substitute for quinine, and pieces of wallpaper served as writing paper. Several Texas newspapers suspended or discontinued operations for periods of time due to the lack of paper.
The requirements of the military and the impact of the blockade caused rapid expansion of manufacturing in the state
Texas, After the Civil War
Real pics of Texas during and after the Civil War.
Some adjustments were made in agriculture as farmers planted more corn to meet food needs and requests of the government to reduce cotton production.
As the war progressed, slaveholding Texans realized that their expectations of faithfulness and loyalty from slaves were mistaken.
Incidents of localized rebellion and the number of runaway slaves increased dramatically in Texas throughout the war.
The status of Black Texans was precarious. The official number of free Blacks in Texas fell to 355 before the war, however those figures from the census are almost certainly undercounted and overlooked people in a state of flux between slavery and freedom. Enslaved people endured longer hours, harder work, and harsher punishments under the control of White owners, while free Blacks found little support from White laws and courts
Newly-freed slaves were not allowed to remain in the state without permission from the legislature.
The Indian Wars 1500-1890 The End of The Great Horse Cuture
Indian Wars
Secession of Texas and 10 other Southern states from the Union in 1860–61 brought no end to the military contest in the southern Plains. The Comanche launched particularly devastating raids into north Texas (December 1863) and against a settlement at Elm Creek (October 13, 1864). On January 8, 1865, a group of Kickapoo that was migrating south to Mexico defeated more than 300 Texas volunteers at Dove Creek.
Sand Creek Massacre
On November 29, 1864, peaceful band of Southern Cheyenne and Arapahoe Native Americans are massacred by Colonel John Chivington’s Colorado volunteers at Sand Creek, Colorado.
The causes of the Sand Creek massacre were rooted in the long conflict for control of the Great Plains of eastern Colorado. The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 guaranteed ownership of the area north of the Arkansas River to the Nebraska border to the Cheyenne and Arapahoe. However, by the end of the decade, waves of Euro-American miners flooded across the region in search of gold in Colorado’s Rocky Mountains, placing extreme pressure on the resources of the arid plains. By 1861, tensions between new settlers and Native Americans were rising.
Red River Wars - Battle of Palo Duro Canyon
The largest Army victory came when Mackenzie's scouts found a large village of Comanche, Kiowa, and Cheyenne, including their horses and winter food supply, in upper Palo Duro Canyon. At dawn on September 28, Mackenzie's troops attacked down a steep canyon wall. The Indians were caught by surprise and did not have time to gather their horses or supplies before retreating. Sergeant John Charlton wrote of the battle:
The warriors held their ground for a time, fighting desperately to cover the exit of their squaws and pack animals, but under the persistent fire of the troops, they soon began falling back. The loss was devastating. Mackenzie's men burned over 450 lodges and destroyed countless pounds of buffalo meat. They also took 1,400 horses, most of which were subsequently shot to prevent the Indians from recapturing them.
Except for its unusually large size, the Battle of Palo Duro Canyon was typical of the war. Most encounters produced few or no casualties, but the Indians could not afford the constant loss of food and mounts. Even if it escaped immediate danger, an Indian band that found itself on foot and out of food generally had no choice but to give up and head for the reservation.
Effects of the Civil War
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Transcript
Effects of the Civil War
The Civil War confirmed the single political entity of the United States, led to freedom for more than four million enslaved Americans, established a more powerful and centralized federal government, and laid the foundation for America's emergence as a world power in the 20th century
Effects of the Civil War on the United States
After the war, the villages, cities and towns in the South were utterly destroyed. Furthermore, the Confederate bonds and currencies became worthless. All the banks in the South collapsed, and there was an economic depression in the South with deepened inequalities between the North and South.
The South
After the Civil War, the North was extremely prosperous. Its economy had boomed during the war, bringing economic growth to both the factories and the farms. Since the war had been fought mostly in the South, the North didn't have to rebuild.
The North
The South
The North
Effects of the Civil War on the South
1. The villages, cities and towns in the South were utterly destroyed. 2. The Confederate bonds and currencies became worthless. 3. All the banks in the South collapsed, and there was an economic depression in the South with deepened inequalities between the North and South. 4. 4 million slaves were freed with equal status to former slave owners. The South was also forced to reconstruct its labour system that was previously dependent on slaves. 5. There was poverty, with decreased production cash crops such as cotton and tobacco until 1879. The plantation system was also destroyed and, in its place, the sharecropping system was introduced. Through sharecropping, landowners would lease out their lands to tenants for a share of the crops produced. 6. The KKK emerged to protect white supremacy just immediately after the war and punish any form of black excellence. There was radical prejudice against the blacks, and after the Enforcement Acts of the Reconstruction era, the Black Codes and the Jim Crow laws were introduced. The effect of this legislation was to provide a legal basis for segregation. 7. The Freedman’s Bureau of 1865 supported the integration of the African-Americans into society as freemen. This enabled blacks to access education and benefit from federal policies such as the Homestead Act. 8. Medical supplies were in short supply.
Effects of the Civil War on the North
The North attained its highest self-consciousness as a region during the war, when its name became synonymous with the Union. 1. Including the four border states that fought with the Union, the North at this time had a population of 22 million, produced 75 percent of the nation’s wealth, and possessed 81 percent of its factories.
2. The North itself was experiencing an unprecedented period of economic growth as it underwent industrialization. 3. As the 19th century progressed, the North, particularly the Middle Atlantic states and the Great Lakes area of the Midwest, became more and more typified by big cities, big business, and big industrial complexes. 4. Its ample natural resources, excellent inland waterway system, and proliferating railways confirmed the North as the economic hub of the country,
During the Civil War
1. Imports of goods from northern factories ceased, transportation networks were damaged, and Union blockades made it difficult for cotton growers to export their crops. Trade with Mexico provided some relief. But without larger trade networks, the residents of Texas suffered from shortages of many kinds.
2. During the Civil War, the Texas economy was based on agriculture. Cotton and cattle were the main sources of income for most farmers. The Union’s naval blockade cut off access to the ports along the Gulf Coast, where they conducted trade. As a result of the blockade, Texans began to experience food shortages.
3. For the first time, field hospitals separated wounded soldiers into three categories: mortally wounded, slightly wounded and surgical cases. Most of the amputations performed at field hospitals were indeed horrible scenes, but the surgery itself was not as crude as popular memory makes it out to have been. Anesthetics were readily available to surgeons, who administered chloroform or ether to patients before the procedure
4. The telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse in 1844, and telegraph wires soon sprang up all along the East Coast. During the war, 15,000 miles of telegraph cable was laid purely for military purposes.
Inventions of the Civil War
Women of Texas
Effects of the Civil War on Texas
Texans in the Civil War
The war transformed life for women across Texas. Secessionists encouraged Texan women to support Confederate nationalism by contributing to the war effort. The war changed societal requirements of elite White women in the South regarding patriotism and hierarchy.
Texas women marched in parades, authored editorials in newspapers, attended political gatherings, raised funds for soldiers, urged enlistment, participated in aid societies, and even organized local militias.
Letters between husbands, wives, and other relatives exchanged news, gave instructions, and offered advice related to business or accounting. Widows, single women, and wives adjusted to shortages, created debts, leased and sold slaves and land, and directed slave labor
Women, children, and enslaved workers did most of the farm work during the war. Until the war ended, women often had to perform the jobs usually done by men as well as their own household chores.
Women in the Civil War
Texas, After the Civil War
Following the defeat of the Confederate States in the American Civil War, Texas was mandated to rejoin the United States of America. … Texas fully rejoined the Union on March 30, 1870, when President Grant signed the act to readmit Texas to Congressional Representation.
The life of ordinary Texans was much affected by the war. Although the state suffered less economically than other Confederate states, many adjustments were necessary. The blockade resulted in shortages of many commodities, especially coffee, medicine, clothing, shoes, and farm implements. Texas beef contractors struggled to supply Confederate soldiers east of the Mississippi River following the fall of Vicksburg on July 4, 1863, and ranchers did not have the manpower to initiate large cattle drives
Furthermore, an extended drought lasted from 1857 through the fall of 1864 that devastated the wheat crop in Texas and wiped out many cattle raisers. Homespun clothing was worn as in early days; Governor Lubbock was inaugurated in a homespun suit.
Salt was so scarce that some Texans dug up the floors of their smokehouses and leached the dirt to recover the salt drippings. Thorns were used for pins, willow-bark extract and red pepper were mixed to substitute for quinine, and pieces of wallpaper served as writing paper. Several Texas newspapers suspended or discontinued operations for periods of time due to the lack of paper.
The requirements of the military and the impact of the blockade caused rapid expansion of manufacturing in the state
Texas, After the Civil War
Real pics of Texas during and after the Civil War.
Some adjustments were made in agriculture as farmers planted more corn to meet food needs and requests of the government to reduce cotton production.
As the war progressed, slaveholding Texans realized that their expectations of faithfulness and loyalty from slaves were mistaken.
Incidents of localized rebellion and the number of runaway slaves increased dramatically in Texas throughout the war.
The status of Black Texans was precarious. The official number of free Blacks in Texas fell to 355 before the war, however those figures from the census are almost certainly undercounted and overlooked people in a state of flux between slavery and freedom. Enslaved people endured longer hours, harder work, and harsher punishments under the control of White owners, while free Blacks found little support from White laws and courts
Newly-freed slaves were not allowed to remain in the state without permission from the legislature.
The Indian Wars 1500-1890 The End of The Great Horse Cuture
Indian Wars
Secession of Texas and 10 other Southern states from the Union in 1860–61 brought no end to the military contest in the southern Plains. The Comanche launched particularly devastating raids into north Texas (December 1863) and against a settlement at Elm Creek (October 13, 1864). On January 8, 1865, a group of Kickapoo that was migrating south to Mexico defeated more than 300 Texas volunteers at Dove Creek.
Sand Creek Massacre
On November 29, 1864, peaceful band of Southern Cheyenne and Arapahoe Native Americans are massacred by Colonel John Chivington’s Colorado volunteers at Sand Creek, Colorado. The causes of the Sand Creek massacre were rooted in the long conflict for control of the Great Plains of eastern Colorado. The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 guaranteed ownership of the area north of the Arkansas River to the Nebraska border to the Cheyenne and Arapahoe. However, by the end of the decade, waves of Euro-American miners flooded across the region in search of gold in Colorado’s Rocky Mountains, placing extreme pressure on the resources of the arid plains. By 1861, tensions between new settlers and Native Americans were rising.
Red River Wars - Battle of Palo Duro Canyon
The largest Army victory came when Mackenzie's scouts found a large village of Comanche, Kiowa, and Cheyenne, including their horses and winter food supply, in upper Palo Duro Canyon. At dawn on September 28, Mackenzie's troops attacked down a steep canyon wall. The Indians were caught by surprise and did not have time to gather their horses or supplies before retreating. Sergeant John Charlton wrote of the battle: The warriors held their ground for a time, fighting desperately to cover the exit of their squaws and pack animals, but under the persistent fire of the troops, they soon began falling back. The loss was devastating. Mackenzie's men burned over 450 lodges and destroyed countless pounds of buffalo meat. They also took 1,400 horses, most of which were subsequently shot to prevent the Indians from recapturing them. Except for its unusually large size, the Battle of Palo Duro Canyon was typical of the war. Most encounters produced few or no casualties, but the Indians could not afford the constant loss of food and mounts. Even if it escaped immediate danger, an Indian band that found itself on foot and out of food generally had no choice but to give up and head for the reservation.