IN-TEXT CITATIONS QUOTES AND PARAPHRASES
START
At the end this workshop, the student will be able to:
- Identify the characteristics of textual citations and paraphrases.
- Recognize the textual procedures that allows a textual citation to be embedded in a self-written work.
- Determine the textual procedures that allow the construction of a paraphrase.
In-text citation In-text citation introduction of other people’s words into our personal expression. When this discursive procedure is carried out, the correct approach is to mention the original author. In oral and written communication for academic and professional purposes, this refers to textual citations and paraphrases; in other words, these are the two methods that are used when introducing the voice of other authors into one’s texts and discourses.
What is a quote? The quotation is the accurate, or exact, reproduction of the words of an author within a another text (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2017). With its inclusion, the text acquires seriousness, verifiability, and transparency against criticism, while allowing the reader to delve into the subject matters (Universidad de Palermo, n.d., p. 2). Moreover, when quoting, we show academic integrity since the origin of the ideas that support the generated work is explicitly recognized.
How include a direct quote?
- When quoting verbatim, the fragment must be transcribed as it appears in the original source, without altering its writing, punctuation or syntax.
- It is possible to slightly modify the quoted material. These special cases will be reviewed later on.
- APA (2010) describes that, after each quote, the author, the year, and the specific page from which the information was obtained must be included in parenthesis (p. 170).
- Whenever the used material has no pages this information can be omitted or replaced by the paragraph number; this should be indicated with the abbreviation para. or the symbol ¶.
How include a direct quote?
If there is a second quote from the same text, state only the page.
When the author is named before the quote, there is no need to add it to the citation.
Adapted from Opperman, S., Marlie, v. R., & Marais, K. (2018). An inter-semiotic approach to translation: Leonard Cohen in afri-kaans. Literator, 39(1) doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v39i1.1458
How to include a quote?
- For citation of fewer than 40 words, add quotation marks around the words and incorporate the quote into your own text (American Psychological Association, 2010, p. 170).
- If the quote is inserted in the middle of the sentence, the reference is included immediately after closing the quotation marks in parentheses and the sentence is continued (p. 170).
- No other punctuation mark should be used unless the meaning of the sentence requires it (p. 170).
- If the citation appears at the end of a sentence, put the end punctuation after the closing parenthesis for the citation, which should be included after closing the quotation marks of the citation (p. 171).
How to include a quote?
Punctuation is used accordingly to coherence and cohesion.
Punctuation is placed after the closing paragraph according to the syntax.
Taken from Reviron-Piégay, F. (2009) Translating generic liberties: Orlando on page and screen. Biography, 32(2), 316-339. DOI: 10.1353/bio.0.0089
How to include a block quote?
- When quoting 40 words or more, the fragment must be displayed in an independent paragraph without quotation marks (American Psychological Association, 2010, p. 171).
- An indentation of 2.54 cm (1 in) must be applied to the left margin. If several paragraphs compose the citation block, 0.5 cm of indentation is added to each paragraph (p. 171).
- The parenthetical citation must be included after the final period of the citation block.
How to include a block quote?
Taken from Rafter, N., & Ystehede, P. (2010). Here be dragons: Lombroso, the gothic, and social control. Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance, 14, 263-284. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/S1521-6136(2010)0000014015
Cite the source in parentheses after the quotation’s final punctuation.
Indent the first line of each paragraph of text 0.5 in. from the left margin.
Start a block quotation on a new line and indent the whole block 1 in. from the left margin.
When should citation be used?
- APA (2010, p. 169) recommends citing the works of authors that influenced the work being prepared or presented.
- They can be cited for:
- Support an idea or argument
- Provide evidence for an argument
- Illustration or definition of a concept
- Starting point of a specific position related to the one desired for the generated work
- Citations should not be used to replace one’s own words, or to avoid the formulation of proposals or personal conclusions about the topic being worked on.
- Citations should not be used in order to increase the final word count of the work.
Changes to a quotation
- The first letter of the first syllable of the cited fragment may be changed to uppercase or lowercase as needed (APA, 2010, p. 172).
- The punctuation mark at the end of the quoted sentence can be changed according to the syntax (p. 172).
- These modifications do not imply drastic alterations to the cited material which is why it is not necessary to indicate them within the text.
Changes to a quotation
- Sometimes, the citation is too long and the work only requires specific parts of it. In this cases, ellipses are used to omit information (…) (p. 172).
- Information that explains or clarifies the content of the citation must be inserted between square brackets ([ ]) (p. 173).
- Italics can be used in order to emphasize a word or words. Whenever this is the case, it should be clarified between square brackets that the emphasis does not belong to the original source (p. 173).
Changes to a quotation
The voluntary omissions of part of the quote is marked with ellipses.
Taken from Getz, T. R., Ehrisman,L., Yeboah, T. (2019). "We Should Have Maintained This Unity, Then There Would Be More Development": Lessons from a Pop-Up Museum of the Fante Confederation History in Africa, 46, 195-216. https://doi.org/10.1017/hia.2018.25
Changes to a quotation
Information that explains or clarifies the content of the citation must be inserted between square brackets ([ ]).
Taken from Monkman,K . (2018).Educating Girls: Complexities of Informing Meaningful Social Change Studies in Social Justice, 12(2), 195-214. DOI:10.26522/ssj.v12i2.1627
Changes to a quotation
Italics used in order to emphasize the important words.
Taken from Barbora, C. (2019).Performing a difficult past in a museum: The History Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina Slavia Meridionalis, 19. DOI:10.11649/sm.1949
Citation secondary sources
- Consists of extracting citations from an author who has quoted another one by adding their words to the used fragment.
Taken from Bedenlier, S., Bond, M., Buntins, K., Zawacki-Richter, O. & Kerres, M. (2020). Learning by Doing? Reflections on Conducting a Systematic Review in the Field of Educational Technology. In Zawacki-Richter, O., Kerres, M., Bedenlier S., Bond, M. & Buntins, K. (Eds). Systematic Reviews in Educational Research, 111-127. Springer VS.
What are paraphrases? According to APA (2021), a paraphrase restates another’s idea (or your own previously published idea) in your own words. Paraphrasing allows you to summarize and synthesize information from one or more sources, focus on significant information, and compare and contrast relevant details.
Methods for paraphrase
The structure of a text can be paraphrased through:
SUBTRACTION
ADDITION
Increase in words
Decrease in words
PARAPHRASE BY ADDITION
It is easier to approach the core meaning of certain texts through its keywords. ORIGINAL TEXT (Keywords)
Paraphrase by addition
Adapted from: Chávez Pérez, Fidel. (2006). Redacción avanzada. Un enfoque lingüístico. Pearson Education.
Paraphrase by addition
Anyone who is imprudent enough to act without thinking takes the risk of paying their own hurry with unpleasant consequences.
Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
Original text
Paraphrase
Taken from Masten, Y., & Ashcraft, A. (2017). Due diligence in the open-access explosion era: Choosing a reputable journal for publication. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 364(21). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnx206
Paraphrase by subtraction
Reputable publishers have consistently maintained use of ethical and reputable business, peer-review, and publication processes to provide users with reputable article publication via hard copy subscription journals with the option for open access online publication. The primary goal for publishing professional and scholarly papers has traditionally been to disseminate research findings for application and knowledge base expansion in a field of study for use by other scientists, faculty, professionals and practitioners. Thus, a primary goal for publishing professional and scholarly papers is to expand the knowledge base for use by other professionals and practitioners. A hallmark of reputable publications is rigorous peer-review processes by experts in the field. Additionally, accessibility of open-access publications requires ongoing archiving and indexing. If publications receive only ‘sham’ or no peer review, other professionals are building on a questionable foundation. Likewise, if publications cannot be found because the journal is no longer maintained, publication citation disappears, archives are non-existent, or there is no index to locate publications, then other professionals, practitioners and experts in the field cannot access the publication to build on the scholarship (Masten & Ashcraft, 2019, p.3).
Main idea
Support ideas
Conclusion
Paraphrase by subtraction
Paraphrase Ethical publishers use several control processes in order to give users reputable article publication. The main interest for publishing papers is to share new knowledge, supported by an ethical publication process. It is thanks to these steps that specialists continue to make scientific advances, on a solid basis. Publishing in unsound journals or journals that have a financial interest as a priority harms both authors and readers (Masten & Ashcraft, 2019).
Main idea
Support idea
Conclusion
Analyze the previous example and answer the following questions
•Did the shown paraphrase convey the ideas presented in the original text? •Does the paraphrase include your own words while maintaining the original author’s ideas? •Did the paraphrase eliminate certain details?
SUMMARY
- In-text citation is the way in which the words and ideas of others are introduced in academic, personal, and professional speech.
- There are two ways of introducing foreign words and ideas: quotations and paraphrases.
- Including quotes and paraphrases provide the work with seriousness, transparency, and integrity.
- Direct quotation consist of verbatim reproductions of the words of an author or authors, as well as clear and precise referencing of the source material.
- A paraphrase is a distinctive form of in-text citation: it uses the form of expression of the person responsible for writing or speaking, while using ideas that belong to another author or authors.
- Quoting and paraphrasing allows the work to have sustenance and credit; however, these should not be used to avoid the formulation of original ideas, or to increase or decrease the final word count of the work.
- APA provides guidelines to quotes and paraphrases to achieve uniformity and to acknowledge contributions from other authors in a methodical way.
The following quiz should only be completed by the Tecnologico de Monterrey community. Please, use your institutional ID to access.
START
References
American Psychological Association. (2010). Manual de publicaciones de la American Psychological Association (3rd ed.). México: Editorial El Manual Moderno. Universidad de Palermo, Biblioteca Central. (n.d.). Las citas de fuentes de información y algunas normas de estilo en las tesis y en los trabajos de investigación [Material complementario]. https://wwws.palermo.edu/homer/Intranet/biblioteca/Archivos/bibilioteca_guia_de_citas.pdf American Psychological Association. (2021). In-Text Citations [web site]. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations Universidad de Palermo, Biblioteca Central. (n.d.). Las citas de fuentes de información y algunas normas de estilo en las tesis y en los trabajos de investigación [PDF Document]. https://wwws.palermo.edu/homer/Intranet/biblioteca/Archivos/bibilioteca_guia_de_citas.pdf Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades. (2017). Citas textuales. En Taller de lectura, redacción e iniciación a la investigación documental 2. http://portalacademico.cch.unam.mx/alumno/tlriid2/unidad2/operacionestextuales/citastextuales
CONTACT INFORMATION
Centro de Escritura, Tecnológico de Monterrey cescrituratec@servicios.itesm.mx https://sites.google.com/itesm.mx/cescrituratec/
CONTACT INFORMATION
Centro de Escritura, Tecnológico de Monterrey cescrituratec@servicios.itesm.mx https://centroescritura.tec.mx
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Centro de Escritura
Created on February 11, 2022
Start designing with a free template
Discover more than 1500 professional designs like these:
View
Interactive Bingo
View
Correct Concepts
View
Repeat the Sequence Game
View
Word Search: Corporate Culture
View
Interactive Hangman
View
Secret Code
View
Piñata Challenge
Explore all templates
Transcript
IN-TEXT CITATIONS QUOTES AND PARAPHRASES
START
At the end this workshop, the student will be able to:
In-text citation In-text citation introduction of other people’s words into our personal expression. When this discursive procedure is carried out, the correct approach is to mention the original author. In oral and written communication for academic and professional purposes, this refers to textual citations and paraphrases; in other words, these are the two methods that are used when introducing the voice of other authors into one’s texts and discourses.
What is a quote? The quotation is the accurate, or exact, reproduction of the words of an author within a another text (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2017). With its inclusion, the text acquires seriousness, verifiability, and transparency against criticism, while allowing the reader to delve into the subject matters (Universidad de Palermo, n.d., p. 2). Moreover, when quoting, we show academic integrity since the origin of the ideas that support the generated work is explicitly recognized.
How include a direct quote?
How include a direct quote?
If there is a second quote from the same text, state only the page.
When the author is named before the quote, there is no need to add it to the citation.
Adapted from Opperman, S., Marlie, v. R., & Marais, K. (2018). An inter-semiotic approach to translation: Leonard Cohen in afri-kaans. Literator, 39(1) doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v39i1.1458
How to include a quote?
How to include a quote?
Punctuation is used accordingly to coherence and cohesion.
Punctuation is placed after the closing paragraph according to the syntax.
Taken from Reviron-Piégay, F. (2009) Translating generic liberties: Orlando on page and screen. Biography, 32(2), 316-339. DOI: 10.1353/bio.0.0089
How to include a block quote?
How to include a block quote?
Taken from Rafter, N., & Ystehede, P. (2010). Here be dragons: Lombroso, the gothic, and social control. Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance, 14, 263-284. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/S1521-6136(2010)0000014015
Cite the source in parentheses after the quotation’s final punctuation.
Indent the first line of each paragraph of text 0.5 in. from the left margin.
Start a block quotation on a new line and indent the whole block 1 in. from the left margin.
When should citation be used?
Changes to a quotation
Changes to a quotation
Changes to a quotation
The voluntary omissions of part of the quote is marked with ellipses.
Taken from Getz, T. R., Ehrisman,L., Yeboah, T. (2019). "We Should Have Maintained This Unity, Then There Would Be More Development": Lessons from a Pop-Up Museum of the Fante Confederation History in Africa, 46, 195-216. https://doi.org/10.1017/hia.2018.25
Changes to a quotation
Information that explains or clarifies the content of the citation must be inserted between square brackets ([ ]).
Taken from Monkman,K . (2018).Educating Girls: Complexities of Informing Meaningful Social Change Studies in Social Justice, 12(2), 195-214. DOI:10.26522/ssj.v12i2.1627
Changes to a quotation
Italics used in order to emphasize the important words.
Taken from Barbora, C. (2019).Performing a difficult past in a museum: The History Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina Slavia Meridionalis, 19. DOI:10.11649/sm.1949
Citation secondary sources
Taken from Bedenlier, S., Bond, M., Buntins, K., Zawacki-Richter, O. & Kerres, M. (2020). Learning by Doing? Reflections on Conducting a Systematic Review in the Field of Educational Technology. In Zawacki-Richter, O., Kerres, M., Bedenlier S., Bond, M. & Buntins, K. (Eds). Systematic Reviews in Educational Research, 111-127. Springer VS.
What are paraphrases? According to APA (2021), a paraphrase restates another’s idea (or your own previously published idea) in your own words. Paraphrasing allows you to summarize and synthesize information from one or more sources, focus on significant information, and compare and contrast relevant details.
Methods for paraphrase
The structure of a text can be paraphrased through:
SUBTRACTION
ADDITION
Increase in words
Decrease in words
PARAPHRASE BY ADDITION
It is easier to approach the core meaning of certain texts through its keywords. ORIGINAL TEXT (Keywords)
Paraphrase by addition
Adapted from: Chávez Pérez, Fidel. (2006). Redacción avanzada. Un enfoque lingüístico. Pearson Education.
Paraphrase by addition
Anyone who is imprudent enough to act without thinking takes the risk of paying their own hurry with unpleasant consequences.
Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
Original text
Paraphrase
Taken from Masten, Y., & Ashcraft, A. (2017). Due diligence in the open-access explosion era: Choosing a reputable journal for publication. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 364(21). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnx206
Paraphrase by subtraction
Reputable publishers have consistently maintained use of ethical and reputable business, peer-review, and publication processes to provide users with reputable article publication via hard copy subscription journals with the option for open access online publication. The primary goal for publishing professional and scholarly papers has traditionally been to disseminate research findings for application and knowledge base expansion in a field of study for use by other scientists, faculty, professionals and practitioners. Thus, a primary goal for publishing professional and scholarly papers is to expand the knowledge base for use by other professionals and practitioners. A hallmark of reputable publications is rigorous peer-review processes by experts in the field. Additionally, accessibility of open-access publications requires ongoing archiving and indexing. If publications receive only ‘sham’ or no peer review, other professionals are building on a questionable foundation. Likewise, if publications cannot be found because the journal is no longer maintained, publication citation disappears, archives are non-existent, or there is no index to locate publications, then other professionals, practitioners and experts in the field cannot access the publication to build on the scholarship (Masten & Ashcraft, 2019, p.3).
Main idea
Support ideas
Conclusion
Paraphrase by subtraction
Paraphrase Ethical publishers use several control processes in order to give users reputable article publication. The main interest for publishing papers is to share new knowledge, supported by an ethical publication process. It is thanks to these steps that specialists continue to make scientific advances, on a solid basis. Publishing in unsound journals or journals that have a financial interest as a priority harms both authors and readers (Masten & Ashcraft, 2019).
Main idea
Support idea
Conclusion
Analyze the previous example and answer the following questions
•Did the shown paraphrase convey the ideas presented in the original text? •Does the paraphrase include your own words while maintaining the original author’s ideas? •Did the paraphrase eliminate certain details?
SUMMARY
The following quiz should only be completed by the Tecnologico de Monterrey community. Please, use your institutional ID to access.
START
References
American Psychological Association. (2010). Manual de publicaciones de la American Psychological Association (3rd ed.). México: Editorial El Manual Moderno. Universidad de Palermo, Biblioteca Central. (n.d.). Las citas de fuentes de información y algunas normas de estilo en las tesis y en los trabajos de investigación [Material complementario]. https://wwws.palermo.edu/homer/Intranet/biblioteca/Archivos/bibilioteca_guia_de_citas.pdf American Psychological Association. (2021). In-Text Citations [web site]. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations Universidad de Palermo, Biblioteca Central. (n.d.). Las citas de fuentes de información y algunas normas de estilo en las tesis y en los trabajos de investigación [PDF Document]. https://wwws.palermo.edu/homer/Intranet/biblioteca/Archivos/bibilioteca_guia_de_citas.pdf Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades. (2017). Citas textuales. En Taller de lectura, redacción e iniciación a la investigación documental 2. http://portalacademico.cch.unam.mx/alumno/tlriid2/unidad2/operacionestextuales/citastextuales
CONTACT INFORMATION
Centro de Escritura, Tecnológico de Monterrey cescrituratec@servicios.itesm.mx https://sites.google.com/itesm.mx/cescrituratec/
CONTACT INFORMATION
Centro de Escritura, Tecnológico de Monterrey cescrituratec@servicios.itesm.mx https://centroescritura.tec.mx