Past Perfect Simple

Past Perfect Simple

Il past perfect definisce un tempo precedente a un altro tempo nel passato. Si usa per chiarire che un evento si è verificato prima di un altro evento nel passato.

We can use the past perfect to show the order of two past events. The past perfect shows the earlier action and the past simple shows the later action.

When the police arrived, the thief had escaped. It doesn't matter in which order we say the two events. The following sentence has the same meaning. The thief had escaped when the police arrived.

Quindi non è importante l'ordine in cui vengono dette le frasi perché il significato non cambia. John had gone out when I arrived in the office. = When I arrived, John had gone out.

We often use the adverbs already , still , just , yet, ever or never with the past perfect (as with the present perfect).

We can also use the past perfect followed by before to show that an action was not done or was incomplete when the past simple action happened. They left before I'd spoken to them.

Da ricordare che il past perfect viene usato anche con avverbi tipo already, still, just, yet, ever o never (come già il presente perfect).

Viene usato poi anche con before per indicare che un'azione non era ancora compiuta quando è avvenuta quella che traduciamo con il past simple. The actor died before he'd finished the series.

Come si costruisce il past perfect?

Forma affermativa

Soggetto + HAD + past participle

Forma negativa

Soggetto + HADN'T + past participle

Forma interrogativa

HAD + soggetto + past participle

Short Answers

Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/they had

No, I/you/he/she/it/we/they hadn't

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