Group 1 Report - Hunting and Gathering Society

11 - ABM 103

Hunting and Gathering sOCIETY

PPT Prepared by: Duarosan, Gavin S. Reported by: Group 1

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Hunting and Gathering sOCIETY

What is a Hunting and Gathering Society?

Hunting and Gathering Society

Societies that rely exclusively on hunting wild animals, fishing, and gathering wild fruits, berries, nuts, and vegetables to support their diet. Today, only a fraction of the world's population support themselves in this manner, and survive in an isolated and inhospitable areas.

Hunting and Gathering Society

• Hunter-Gatherers move around constantly in search of foods.
• Such societies generally consist of less than 50 people.
• Statuses within the group are relatively equal and decisions are reached through general agreement.

• The family is the main social unit, with most societal members being related by birth or marriage.
• This type of organization requires the family to carry out social functions such as education.

Basic Characteristics

• Primary institution is family, how food is to be shared and how children are to be socialized, and provides for the protection of it family.
• They tend to be small, with fewer than than 50 people.
• They are nomadic, moving to new areas when the current food supply has all been used.
• Members display a high level of interdependence.
• Labor division is based on their sex: men-hunt and women-gather.

Basic Characteristics

• Among their defining features were the hunter-gatherers' active killing of animals for sustenance rather than collecting meat left behind by other predators, and their devising of methods for preserving vegetation for later consumption.

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Hunting and Gathering sOCIETY

Who were the hunter-gatherers?

Hunters = Men

Gatherers = Women

Hunters and Gatherers

• Hunter-gatherer culture developed among the early hominins of Africa, with evidence of their activities dating as far back as 2 million years ago.
• The culture accelerated with the appearance of Homo erectus (1.9 million years ago), whose larger brain and shorter digestive system reflected the increased consumption of meat. Additionally, these were the first hominins built for long-distance walking, pushing nomadic tribes into Asia and Europe.

Hunters and Gatherers

• Hunting and gathering remained a way of life for Homo heidelbergensis (700,000 to 200,000 years ago), the first humans to adapt to colder climates and routinely hunt large animals, through the Neanderthals (400,000 to 40,000 years ago), who developed more sophisticated technology.
• It also spanned most of the existence of Homo sapiens, dating from the first anatomically modern humans 200,000 years ago, to the transition to permanent agricultural communities around 10,000 B.C.

Map of the Nomadic Hunter-garthers

The first hominins built for long-distance walking, pushing nomadic tribes from Africa into Asia and Europe.

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Hunting and Gathering sOCIETY

Tools and Technology

Tools and Technology

• Humans weren’t the first to make or use stone tools. That honor appears to belong to the ancient species that lived on the shores of Lake Turkana, in Kenya, some 3.3 million years ago.
• The earliest known human-made stone tools date back around 2.6 million years. Crafted and used by Homo habilis (sometimes known as “handy man”)

Tools and Technology

A new kind of knapping (Levallois technique): 400,000 to 200,000 years ago

Sharpened stones (Oldowan tools): 2.6 million years ago.

Stone handaxe (Acheulean tools): 1.6 million years ago

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Tools and Technology

Cutting blades (Aurignacian industry): 80,000 to 40,000 years ago

Axes, celts, chisels (Neolithic tools): around 12,000 years ago

Small, sharp micro blades (Magdalenian culture): 11,000 to 17,000 years ago

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#factsforu #nocap #faxnoprinter

• An interesting fact is that in these societies (12,000 years ago!) women were taking the most important role in surviving,
• In the meanwhile, males were taking less specific job of hunting.

#factsforu #nocap #faxnoprinter

• When speaking about the leadership of these societies – they had a few formal leaders.
• Hunters and gatherers recognize numerous spirits inhabiting the world.

Conclusion

Hunter-gatherers has become commonly-used term for people who depend largely on food collection or foraging for wild resources.

Thank you for listening

Members that participated:

• CAPIL, DANNA MAE

• MAGPANTAY, JAEMIE
• DUAROSAN, GAVIN
• MONTEREY, LANCE

• TOLENTINO, EULA
• PALMA, CHEENY ROGIELYN
• BUENAOBRA, IZZA KATRINA
• JACINTO, STELLA MARIZ