Student: Jiménez Olovera Brisa Cecilia
Teacher: Sergio Alan Campos.
Grammar Module 1 and 2
Empezar
1.1. Zero Conditional
Vocabulary
Zero conditional are used to state facts or truths. All conditionals are formed by two clauses: the if clause and the main clause. If you put ice under the sun, it melts. The if clause carries the condition and the main clause carries the consequence. If you put ice under the sun, - condition it melts, - consequence
1.2. Firts conditional will
Vocabulary
First conditionals with will are used to express real consequences to real causes. The main clause is in present tense and theif clause is in the future simple. If you study for the exam, you will pass. Remember all my homework, I will go to the party earlier. I will go to the party earlier if I finish my homework.
+ info
3. First Conditional (may/can)
Vocabulary
Firts conditionals with may / can give a condition to get a permission or express what may happen. If you finish your work early, you may go. The main clause is in present and the if clause has the auxiliary verbs may or can. If you wash the dishes, you may go to the movies.
+ info
4. First conditional uncless.
Vocabulary
First conditionals with uncless are used to expresss negative conditions. Formula: uncless + affirmative verb = if + negative. Uncless you leave now, you'll be late. If you don't leave now, you'll be late. Uncless is used instead of if.
+ info
5. First conditional when / as soon as...
Vocabulary
Not only can we change the auxiliary verb in the main clause, we can also change the word if. There are two other expressions we can use: when and as soon as... When you are here, we will rent bicycles in the park. I'll call you as soon as I know what happened.
+ info
6. Second conditional (would)
Vocabulary
Second conditionals are also known as the unreal conditional because they express things that may or not happen. They usually refer to imaginary situations. If I were the president, I would eliminate taxes. But careful this is not a real past; it is called the subjunctive and it expresses unreality or impossibility. If I were you, = subjunctive (past unreal) I wouldeat eat that cake, = conditional tense (would + verb)
7. Second conditional (could)
Vocabulary
Second conditionals, or hypothetical, can also use the conditional verb could instead of would in the main clause. In this case, we use could to expresss an ability, something we would be able to do given the condition. If I were a superhero, I could help the people in so many ways! The use of the comma is the same as the other conditionals. Icould help you with your homework if I understoad your notes. If I understoad your notes, I could help you with your homework.
1.8. Second conditional (might)
Vocabulary
Finally, second clauses can also use might in the main clause to state something is remotely possible. If I won the lottery, I might buy you a house.
2.1 Relative pronouns (who, which, that, whom, whose)
Relative pronouns help us to connect a noun or a pronoun with a phrase or a clause. The most common are: who, which, that, whom, whose and their use depends on what we refer to. who - people and animals we consider family. That is the girl who won the scholarship to the Royal School of Gastronomy. which - animals and things. That is the dog which barks all night. that - people, animals and things in an informal way Those are the earrings that she was wearing last night. whose - possessive of people and animals. This is the girl whose scarf got tangled in the subway.
Vocabulary
2.2 Defining clauses (who/that)
Vocabulary
There are three kinds of relative clauses: defining, non-defining and connective. We will study defining and non-defining in this module. Defining: The boy who is dressed in blue is my cousin. Non-defining: My cousin, who is sitting there, is dressed in blue. Connective: My cousing lost his ball, which made him sad. There are no commas enclosing the clause. The boy is my cousin. (Which boy?) The boy who is dressed in blue is my cousin.
2.3 Defining clauses (which / that)
Vocabulary
Both wich and that can be used to define a subject or an object. This is the photograph which / that caused a big scandal. The scarf which / that you lent me was ragged. That is more common orally. That is the book that you lent me the other day. Everything that he told me was a lie!.
2.4 Defining clauses (whose)
Vocabulary
Whose is used to indicate possession or relationship by people or even animals and just in very formal situations. Notice that it is always followed by a noun. Kate whose bag you are holding is my best friend. Never confuse whose with who's. The parents whose boy is lost, please como to the principal's office. (The boy is related to the parents). The boy who's lost, please go to the principal's office. (The boy is the one who is lost)
2.5 Defining clauses (omission of object pronoun)
In informal styles, the relative pronoun is left out. This happens only in defining relative clauses, and when the relative pronoun is the object of the verb. The relative pronoun remains when it is the subject of the verb or if it is in a non-defining relative clause. There's a hill which begins three miles afther the start of the race. (defining relative clause: which is the subject) Notice: There's a hill begins three miles afther the start of the race. This is impossible because it is senseless.
Vocabulary
2.6 Defining clauses (relative pronoun as object of a preposition)
Vocabulary
Which can also be used as objects of a preposition in formal constructions, again in written form. The sofa on which / was sitting began to float. But the spoken and more common way is to move the preposition at the end of the clause, using that or which or nothing at all at the end of the clause. The sofa which / that I was sitting on began to float.
2.7 Defining clauses (where)
Vocabulary
Where is used nowadays instead of at which in informal, common language to introduce defining clauses of place. This is the building where I used to live when I was a young kid.
2.8 Non-defining clauses.
Vocabulary
In this case, the noun or pronoun is already defined or clear, it does not need definition, the non-defining clauses is merely extra information and the meaning of the sentences does not suffer if it disappears. The clause is enclosed between commas. Notice the difference. The boy whose name is Peter is my best friend. (We need to know which boy)
Grammar Module 1 and 2
olivera.ceci29
Created on January 6, 2022
Grammar Module 1 and 2
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Transcript
Student: Jiménez Olovera Brisa Cecilia
Teacher: Sergio Alan Campos.
Grammar Module 1 and 2
Empezar
1.1. Zero Conditional
Vocabulary
Zero conditional are used to state facts or truths. All conditionals are formed by two clauses: the if clause and the main clause. If you put ice under the sun, it melts. The if clause carries the condition and the main clause carries the consequence. If you put ice under the sun, - condition it melts, - consequence
1.2. Firts conditional will
Vocabulary
First conditionals with will are used to express real consequences to real causes. The main clause is in present tense and theif clause is in the future simple. If you study for the exam, you will pass. Remember all my homework, I will go to the party earlier. I will go to the party earlier if I finish my homework.
+ info
3. First Conditional (may/can)
Vocabulary
Firts conditionals with may / can give a condition to get a permission or express what may happen. If you finish your work early, you may go. The main clause is in present and the if clause has the auxiliary verbs may or can. If you wash the dishes, you may go to the movies.
+ info
4. First conditional uncless.
Vocabulary
First conditionals with uncless are used to expresss negative conditions. Formula: uncless + affirmative verb = if + negative. Uncless you leave now, you'll be late. If you don't leave now, you'll be late. Uncless is used instead of if.
+ info
5. First conditional when / as soon as...
Vocabulary
Not only can we change the auxiliary verb in the main clause, we can also change the word if. There are two other expressions we can use: when and as soon as... When you are here, we will rent bicycles in the park. I'll call you as soon as I know what happened.
+ info
6. Second conditional (would)
Vocabulary
Second conditionals are also known as the unreal conditional because they express things that may or not happen. They usually refer to imaginary situations. If I were the president, I would eliminate taxes. But careful this is not a real past; it is called the subjunctive and it expresses unreality or impossibility. If I were you, = subjunctive (past unreal) I wouldeat eat that cake, = conditional tense (would + verb)
7. Second conditional (could)
Vocabulary
Second conditionals, or hypothetical, can also use the conditional verb could instead of would in the main clause. In this case, we use could to expresss an ability, something we would be able to do given the condition. If I were a superhero, I could help the people in so many ways! The use of the comma is the same as the other conditionals. Icould help you with your homework if I understoad your notes. If I understoad your notes, I could help you with your homework.
1.8. Second conditional (might)
Vocabulary
Finally, second clauses can also use might in the main clause to state something is remotely possible. If I won the lottery, I might buy you a house.
2.1 Relative pronouns (who, which, that, whom, whose)
Relative pronouns help us to connect a noun or a pronoun with a phrase or a clause. The most common are: who, which, that, whom, whose and their use depends on what we refer to. who - people and animals we consider family. That is the girl who won the scholarship to the Royal School of Gastronomy. which - animals and things. That is the dog which barks all night. that - people, animals and things in an informal way Those are the earrings that she was wearing last night. whose - possessive of people and animals. This is the girl whose scarf got tangled in the subway.
Vocabulary
2.2 Defining clauses (who/that)
Vocabulary
There are three kinds of relative clauses: defining, non-defining and connective. We will study defining and non-defining in this module. Defining: The boy who is dressed in blue is my cousin. Non-defining: My cousin, who is sitting there, is dressed in blue. Connective: My cousing lost his ball, which made him sad. There are no commas enclosing the clause. The boy is my cousin. (Which boy?) The boy who is dressed in blue is my cousin.
2.3 Defining clauses (which / that)
Vocabulary
Both wich and that can be used to define a subject or an object. This is the photograph which / that caused a big scandal. The scarf which / that you lent me was ragged. That is more common orally. That is the book that you lent me the other day. Everything that he told me was a lie!.
2.4 Defining clauses (whose)
Vocabulary
Whose is used to indicate possession or relationship by people or even animals and just in very formal situations. Notice that it is always followed by a noun. Kate whose bag you are holding is my best friend. Never confuse whose with who's. The parents whose boy is lost, please como to the principal's office. (The boy is related to the parents). The boy who's lost, please go to the principal's office. (The boy is the one who is lost)
2.5 Defining clauses (omission of object pronoun)
In informal styles, the relative pronoun is left out. This happens only in defining relative clauses, and when the relative pronoun is the object of the verb. The relative pronoun remains when it is the subject of the verb or if it is in a non-defining relative clause. There's a hill which begins three miles afther the start of the race. (defining relative clause: which is the subject) Notice: There's a hill begins three miles afther the start of the race. This is impossible because it is senseless.
Vocabulary
2.6 Defining clauses (relative pronoun as object of a preposition)
Vocabulary
Which can also be used as objects of a preposition in formal constructions, again in written form. The sofa on which / was sitting began to float. But the spoken and more common way is to move the preposition at the end of the clause, using that or which or nothing at all at the end of the clause. The sofa which / that I was sitting on began to float.
2.7 Defining clauses (where)
Vocabulary
Where is used nowadays instead of at which in informal, common language to introduce defining clauses of place. This is the building where I used to live when I was a young kid.
2.8 Non-defining clauses.
Vocabulary
In this case, the noun or pronoun is already defined or clear, it does not need definition, the non-defining clauses is merely extra information and the meaning of the sentences does not suffer if it disappears. The clause is enclosed between commas. Notice the difference. The boy whose name is Peter is my best friend. (We need to know which boy)