The Contemporary Age: the 20th and 21st centuries

UNIT 6

THE CONTEMPORARY AGE: THE 20th AND 21st CENTURIES

ÍNDICE

-The world in the 20th and 21st centuries.

-Spain at the beginning of the 20 th century.

-The Second Republic.

-The Civil War: 1936-1939.

-Franco´s dictatorship.

-Towards democracy.

ÍNDICE

-The 1978 Constitution.

-Democratic governments: 1979-2014.

-Technology.

-Art in the 20th century.

-Popular culture.

-Globalisation.

THE WORLD IN THE 20th AND 21st CENTURIES

The first half of the 20th century was a difficult period in which most developed countries were at war.

THE WORLD IN THE 20th AND 21st CENTURIES

The second half of the century was a period of tension between: The United States of America and the Soviet Union.

THE WORLD IN THE 20th AND 21st CENTURIES

At the end of the 20th century, a process known as globalisation started.

THE WORLD IN THE 20th AND 21st CENTURIES

1914-1918: World War I 1939-1945: World War II 1945-1989: Cold War II 1989- Present: Globalisation

World War I

• It was a global war in which many countries were involved.
• It was nicknamed the Great War.

World War I

World War I

World War I

ACTIVITY 1 Write the names of the countries that were involved in both world wars. -World War I -World War II

World War I

ACTIVITY 2

• When did it start?
• Why did it start?
• How did it end?

World War II

• It was another global war.
• When it ended, the world was divided into two large blocs.

World War II

World War II

Cold War II

-This wasn´t a proper war, but a state of tension between the two blocs. -The city of Berlin was divided by a wall. Each side supported one of the blocs until the wall was finally demolished in 1989.

World War II

-This wasn´t a proper war, but a state of tension between the two blocs. -The city of Berlin was divided by a wall. Each side supported one of the blocs until the wall was finally demolished in 1989.

Globalisation: 1989- Present

Gobalisation is a process in which people from different parts of the world are constantly in contact and exchange ideas and products.

ACTIVITY 3

Draw a time line showing these events: World War I, World War II, Cold War II, Launching of the first satellite, Spanish Civil War, Foundation of the United Nations and Globalisation.

SPAIN AT THE BEGINNIING OF THE 20th CENTURY

When Alfonso XII died in 1885, his son Alfonso XIII became king.

SPAIN AT THE BEGINNIING OF THE 20th CENTURY

During his reign, Spain lost its last American colonies.

SPAIN AT THE BEGINNIING OF THE 20th CENTURY

Spain started a war with Morocco in 1909. The defeat in this war and the loss of the colonies made the population made the population very unhappy with the king.

SPAIN AT THE BEGINNIING OF THE 20th CENTURY

-Joaquin Costa wanted to force the government to implement all kinds of reforms (social, educational, economic...) in order to turn Spain into a more modern country.-Spain was not an empire anu more. -Some people started to criticise the government.

SPAIN AT THE BEGINNIING OF THE 20th CENTURY

SPAIN AT THE BEGINNIING OF THE 20th CENTURY

THE DICTATORSHIP OF PRIMO DE RIVERA

In 1923, General Primo de Rivera, a military man, overthrew the government and established himself as dictator.

THE DICTATORSHIP OF PRIMO DE RIVERA

• Primo de Rivera held all the power.
• He failed to create a political system that people would be happy with.
• The dictatorship ended in 1930 when he resigned.

What is a dictatorship?

Una dictadura es una forma de ejercer el poder, basado en el liderazgo absoluto de una persona o un grupo muy reducido. Es una forma opuesta a la democracia, siendo las bases de ésta la participación popular y la división de poderes. En una dictadura todo el poder está centrado en una persona que, en ocasiones, opta por delegar las decisiones en gente de su confianza.

ACTIVITY 4 (Page 113)

ACTIVITY 5 (Page 113)

THE SECOND REPUBLIC

• In the elections held in 1931, the Republicans won. The Second Republic was proclaimed and the king left the country.

THE SECOND REPUBLIC

• During the Second Republic there were two wings political parties:

-Left wing: which defended the interests of the working class. - Right wing: which defended the interests of the upper class.

THE SECOND REPUBLIC

• Nieto Alcalá-Zamora was the first president of the Second Republic.
• The Republican government tried to modernise the agriculture and reform the laws thar protected the workers and the education system.
• A constitution was approved in 1931. Women had the right to vote for the first time in the history of Spain.

THE SECOND REPUBLIC

ACTIVITY 6 (Page 114)

THE CIVIL WAR: 1936-1939

• The Second Republic had been a time of conflicts. Spain was divided between those who backed the Republic and those who were against it.
• In July 1936, General Francisco Franco rebelled against the republican governent and war started.

THE CIVIL WAR: 1936-1939

THE CIVIL WAR: 1936-1939

• There were two sides:

-The Republicans: backed the elected government. -The Nationalist: side backed the rebels.

• The war went on for nearly three years.

THE CIVIL WAR: 1936-1939

• There were two sides:

-The Republicans: backed the elected government. -The Nationalist: side backed the rebels.

• The war went on for nearly three years.

THE CIVIL WAR: 1936-1939

• The Nationalists found allies in Germany and Italy.
• The Republican government was backed by the Soviet Union as well as by volunteers from several countries.

THE CIVIL WAR: 1936-1939

• The Nationalist side won the war, and the Republican government went into exile.

THE CIVIL WAR: 1936-1939ACTIVITY

Why did the Civil War happen?Who was on each side?

ACTIVITY 7 (Page 115)

ACTIVITY 8 (Page 115)

PABLO PICASSO

PABLO PICASSO

• Do you know the name of this painting?
• What does it express?
• Does it express hapiness and joy or does it express fear and death?
• How do you see it?
• Do you know who created this art work and what it represents?

FRANCO´S DICTATORSHIP

• The war ended in 1939 and Francisco Franco established a dictatorship.
• All political parties and trade unions were banned.

FRANCO´S DICTATORSHIP

• Franco held all the power and there was no constitution or any other way of limiting this power.
• There was NO CONSTITUTION.

• He censored the press.
• The dictatorship ended in 1975 when Franco died.

FRANCO´S DICTATORSHIP ACTIVITYPAGE 116

THE POST-WAR PERIOD: 1939-1959

• After the war, the country was much poorer than before.
• Many buildings, roads, bridges and factories had been destroyed.
• Many people died and others had gone into exile.

THE POST-WAR PERIOD: 1939-1959

• Agriculture and industrial production was very low.
• People struggled to get the most basic products or food.

1959-1979

• Spain began to have more contact with other countries.

• The economy grew.
• People started having access to consumer goods (televisions and cars).
• Spain also started to become a popular tourist destination.

TOWADS DEMOCRACY

• Franco had appointed Juan Carlos I as his successor.

• In 1975 Juan Carlos I was crowned as king.
• The king appointed Adolfo Suarez as president.
• Suarez legalised politial parties ans trade unions.

TOWADS DEMOCRACY

• In 1977 democratic elections took place and Suarez´s party, the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD), won.
• We call this period the Transition.

TOWADS DEMOCRACY

• The transition towards democray was not easy. There were terrorist attacks, strikes and demonstrations.
• Adolfo Suarez modernised the country.
• He with mebers of other political parties created a new constitution.

THE TRANSITION

• The transition towards democray was not easy. There were terrorist attacks, strikes and demonstrations.
• Adolfo Suarez modernised the country.
• He with mebers of other political parties created a new constitution.

THE 1978 CONSTITUTION

• In 1978 committee of representatives of the main political parties in the country came up with a draft for a new constitution.
• On the 6th of December 1978 citizens approved the constitution and Spain became a fully democratic country.
• 6th of December we celebrate Constitution Day.

THE 1978 CONSTITUTION

• The 1978 Spanish Constitution is the fundamental law that regulates life inSpain.
• The enforcement of the Constitution is regulated by the CONSTITUTIONAL COURT.

THE 1978 CONSTITUTION

ACTIVITIES

DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENTS: 1979-2014

• Since the 1977 elections, Spanish citizens have voted regularly to elect their representatives in general, autonomic and municipal elections.
• In 1995, Statutes of Autonomy were approved.
• In 2014, King Juan Carlos I abdicated in favour of his son, Felipe VI.
• In 1986 Spain joined the European Union. In 2002 Spain started using the Euro as currency.

ACTIVITY

THE GOVERNMENT SINCE 1978 Los alumnos/as realizarán una esquema sobre el gobierno democrático español desde el año 1978 hasta el presente incluyendo los diferentes partidos políticos gobernantes hasta el presente (incluir fotografías de cada presidente del gobierno). Los grupos expondrán sus trabajos.

TECHNOLOGY

Technology developed very quickly in the 20th century.