ELECTRICITY MODULE
USING PHET SIMULATION
CONTENTS
LEARNING STANDARDS
INTRODUCTION
NOTES
COMPONENTS
PhET SIMULATION USER MANUAL
ACTIVITY ZONE
EXERCISE TIME
CONCEPT MAP
SELF-REFLECTION
LEARNING STANDARDS
7.1.5 Characterize current, voltage and resistance and their units. 7.1.6 Summarize the relationship between current, voltage and resistance.
7.2.1 Describe and communicate about the flow of electric current in series circuits and parallel circuits
INTRODUCTION
This interactive learning module is made for the use of teachers and Level 2 Science students in understanding Chapter 7 Electricty more better. Now learning Electricity is expected to be easier and not limited in the laboratory only. It can also be learned online and fun to explore.
NOTES
OHM'S LAW
V = IR Ohm's Law states that the electrical current flowing through a conductor is directly proportionate to the voltage across the two end of the conductor provided that the temperature and other physical conditions are fixed.
The triangle formula can be used to memorize Ohm's Law. Put your finger on the value you are looking for. Then multiply or divide the two given value.
I = V/R
R = V/I
V = I X R
NOTES
CHECK OUT THIS VIDEO TOO CLICK HERE
Credit video to Knowledge Platform
COMPONENTS
A complete electric current is made up of various electrical components such as:
Battery
Supply energy to the circuit by doing work upon the charge to move it from the low energy terminal to the high energy terminal.
Resistor
Reduces the electric current. Measured in units of ohms (symbol: Ω).
Bulb
Converts electrical energy to light. When electric current flows through it, the bulb produces light.
Switch
Control the flow of electrical current within a circuit. It can be used to both inhibit the flow of the current or to initiate it.
COMPONENTS
Ammeter
Measuring the flow of electric current
Galvanometer
Detect or measure the presence of a small amount of current flowing in a circuit.
Voltmeter
Measuring electric potential difference between two points in an electric circuit. It is connected in parallel. Measured in units of voltage (symbol: V).
PhET SIMULATION USER MANUAL
1. Search "PhET Simulation" in your search engine.
PhET SIMULATION
2. Scroll down and choose Physics subject.
3. Filter the topic that we will focus. Tick only Electricity, Magnets & Circuits
PhET SIMULATION USER MANUAL
4. Choose Circuit Construction Kit: DC - Virtual Lab
5. This is the display for running your activity / experiment
6. READY TO EXPLORE!
PhET SIMULATION USER MANUAL
Button to take note:
NOW LET US DO SOME ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 1
Try to build a simple circuit using PhET Simulation. That is a series circuit and a parallel circuit and record your observation. Aim: To give early exposure to students in building circuits using PhET simulation Apparatus: Switch 3 bulbs Battery (15V)
Figure 1.1: Series Circuit Figure 1.2: Parallel Circuit
Questions: 1. Which bulb is more brighter? 2. Why does the bulb in _______ circuit is more brighter?
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 1
Answers:
1. Which bulb is more brighter? 2. Why does the bulb in _______ circuit is more brighter?
1. Bulb in Parallel Circuit is more brighter than bulb in Series Circuit2. Because in a series circuit, the voltage is equally distributed among all of the bulbs. In a parallel circuit the voltage for each bulb is the same as the voltage in the circuit.
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 2
By using PhET Simulation buid a circuit to measure the current and voltage using suitable measuring apparatus. Apparatus: Ammeter, Voltmeter,connecting wire, switch, dry cell and bulb.
Figure 2.1
A. Measuring current using an ammeter Instruction 1. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 1.2 using one dry cell. 2. Turn on the switch and record the reading of the ammeter. Observe the brightness of the bulb. Record your observations. 4. Repeat step 1 to 3 using two dry cells.
ACTIVITY ZONE
B. Measuring voltage using an voltmeter Instruction 1. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 1.3 using one dry cell. 2. Turn on the switch and record the reading of the ammeter. Observe the brightness of the bulb. Record your observations. 4. Repeat step 1 to 3 using two dry cells.
Figure 2.2
Observation
Reading of ammeter / A
ACTIVITY ZONE
Questions 1. What is the relationship between the electrical current and the increase in the number of dry cells? 2. What is the relationship between the voltage and the increase in the number of dry cells? 3. Give an inference for the brightness of bulb in Activity A. 4. What is the relationship between the voltage, electric current and the brightness of the bulb?
Reading of ammeter / A
ACTIVITY ZONE
Answers:
Figure 2.4: Activity A with 2 dry cell
Figure 2.3: Activity A with 1 dry cell
Figure 2.6: Activity B with 2 dry cell
Figure 2.5: Activity B with 1 dry cell
Result of the observation
ACTIVITY ZONE
Answers: 1. What is the relationship between the electrical current and the increase in the number of dry cells? When the number of dry cells increase, the current increases. 2. What is the relationship between the voltage and the increase in the number of dry cells? When the number of dry cells increase, the voltage increases. 3. Give an inference for the brightness of bulb in Activity A. The brightness of the bulb increases because of the current in the circuit increases. 4. What is the relationship between the voltage, electric current and the brightness of the bulb? When the voltage inceases, the current increases and the brightness of the bulb increases.
Reading of ammeter / A
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 3
Aim: To study current, voltage and resistance in a series circuit. Apparatus: Bulb (1.5V), Wire. Dry Cell, Switch, Ammeter and Voltmeter
Instruction: 1. Set up a series circuit as shown in Figure 3.1 (a). 2. Turn on the switch and measure the current that flows through bulb M. Measure the current that flows through bulb N by placing the ammeter between M and N as shown in Figure 3.1 (b). 3. Measure the current that flows through bulb M and N by setting up the circuit as shown in Figure 3.1 (c). 4. Set up the voltmeter across the bulb M, followed by bulb N as shown in Figure 3.1 (d) to measure the voltage reading across the bulb.
Figure 3.1
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 3
5. Set up the voltmeter as shown in Figure 3.1 (e) to measure the voltage across two bulb. 6. Calculate the resistance for each bulb separately and also for both the bulbs using Ohm's Law.
7. Record all the readings in a table.
Figure 3.1
Questions 1. What is your conclusion on the current flow through the series circuit? 2. What will happen to the bulbs in the series circuit if one of the bulbs is removed?
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 3
Questions: 1. What is your conclusion on the current flow through the series circuit? 2. What will happen to the bulbs in the series circuit if one of the bulbs is removed?
Answers: 1. The current that flows through every point is the same. 2. The other bulb does not light up. When one bulb is removed, the circuit is broken.
ACTIVITY ZONE
Current, Voltage and Resistance in Series Circuit can be concluded as:
Table 3.1: Advantages and Disadvantages of a Series Circuit
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 4
Aim: To study current, voltage and resistance in a parallel circuit. Apparatus: Bulb (1.5V), Wire. Dry Cell, Switch, Ammeter and Voltmeter
Instruction: 1. Set up a parallel circuit as shown in Figure 4.1 (a). 2. Turn on the switch and measure the current that flows through bulb M. Measure the current that flows through bulb N by changing the position of the ammeter. 3. Measure the current that flows through both the bulbs, M and N by setting up the circuit as shown in Figure 4.1 (b). 4. Fix the voltmeter across bulb M followed by bulb N as shown in Figure 4.1 (c) to measure the voltage across the bulb.
Figure 4.1
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 4
5. Fix the voltmeter as shown in Figure 4.1 (d) to measure the voltage across two bulbs.
6. Calculate the resistance for each bulb separately and also for both the bulbs using Ohm's Law.
7. Record all the readings in a table.
Figure 4.1
Questions: 1. Is the value of voltage different for bulb M and N? 2. List out the advantage and disadvantages of a parallel circuit.
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 4
Questions: 1. Is the value of voltage different for bulb M and N? 2. List out the advantage and disadvantages of a parallel circuit?
Answers: 1. The voltage of bulb M and N are the same because the voltage in the parallel circuit is the same. 2. The advantage of a parallel circuit - Each device can be controlled by its own switch. - The damage in one device does not interrupt the function of another device. The disadvantages of a parallel circuit - The voltage in each device cannot be controlled.
ACTIVITY ZONE
Current, Voltage and Resistance in Parallel Circuit can be concluded as:
Table 4.1: Advantages and Disadvantages of a Parallel Circuit
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 5
Solve numerical problem related to current, voltage and resistance in series circuit and parallel circuit.
Questions: 1. Based on Figure 1, calculate: a) the effective resistance b) the current in the circuit c) the voltage across each resistor
Figure 5.1
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 5
Solve numerical problem related to current, voltage and resistance in series circuit and parallel circuit.
Questions: 2. Based on Figure 2, calculate: a) the effective resistance b) the current in the circuit c) the voltage across each resistor
Figure 5.2
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 5 :
Answers: 1.
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 5 :
Answers: 2.
Electrical wiring at home Electrical wiring system in our homes is connected in parallel. For example, all the lights gets the same voltage from its main power supply. The current that flows from the main power supply to the circuit is controlled by a distribution panel. (Figure 1)
Figure 6: Distribution panel
exercise time
1. Solve the crossword puzzle using the question given below
Answer:
a. Ammeter is used to measure ________ in the circuit. While Voltmeter is used to measure ________ in the circuit. b. _______ is the unit for electric current, _______ is the unit for resistance and ________ is the unit for voltage. c. Energy is measured in the unit ________. d. Diagram above shown is a complete series circuit. The resistance for X is _______ ohm.
Figure 7
exercise time
ANSWER
Answer:
a. Ammeter is used to measure current in the circuit. While Voltmeter is used to measure voltage in the circuit. b. Ampere is the unit for electric current, ohm is the unit for resistance and volt is the unit for voltage. c. Energy is measured in the unit Joule. d. Diagram above shown is a complete series circuit. The resistance for X is four ohm.
exercise time
2. Solve the crossword puzzle below:
ACROSS c) ________ resists the electric current from flowing through a conductor. d) A circuit connected in ______ has the same current across the bulb.
DOWN a) ________ allows the electric current to flow through it. b) A circuit connected in ______ has the same voltage across the bulb.
exercise time
ANSWER
ACROSS c) Resistor resists the electric current from flowing through a conductor. d) A circuit connected in series has the same current across the bulb.
DOWN a) Conductor allows the electric current to flow through it. b) A circuit connected in parallel has the same voltage across the bulb.
exercise time
3. The following diagram shows an electrical circuit.
What is the total resistance on the circuit
4. The following diagram shows an electrical circuit.
What is the total resistance on the circuit
exercise time
3. The following figure shows an electrical circuit.
What is the total resistance on the circuit Answer:
Figure 8
4. The following figure shows an electrical circuit.
What is the total resistance on the circuit Answer:
Figure 9
CONCEPT MAP
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
V = V + V
I = I = I
R = R + R
1 2
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
SERIES CIRCUIT
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
OHM'S LAW
V = IR
V = V = V
I = I + I
R R R
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 1 1
= +
SELF REFLECTion
New things I have learnt in this subtopic are: The most interesting things I have learnt in this subtopic is ________. The least thing that I understand is ______ and I need to improve myself.
Characterize current, voltage and resistance and their units. Draw a conclusion on the relationship between current, voltage and resistance. Elaborate and communicate about the flow of electric current in series and parallel circuit.
THE END
Prepared by: Siti Aizzah binti Mohammad Asari Supervisor: Dr Omar Ayad Fadhil Al-Zuhairi
ELECTRICITY MODULE USING PHET SIMULATION
SITI AIZZAH BINTI MOHAMMAD ASARI
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Transcript
ELECTRICITY MODULE
USING PHET SIMULATION
CONTENTS
LEARNING STANDARDS
INTRODUCTION
NOTES
COMPONENTS
PhET SIMULATION USER MANUAL
ACTIVITY ZONE
EXERCISE TIME
CONCEPT MAP
SELF-REFLECTION
LEARNING STANDARDS
7.1.5 Characterize current, voltage and resistance and their units. 7.1.6 Summarize the relationship between current, voltage and resistance. 7.2.1 Describe and communicate about the flow of electric current in series circuits and parallel circuits
INTRODUCTION
This interactive learning module is made for the use of teachers and Level 2 Science students in understanding Chapter 7 Electricty more better. Now learning Electricity is expected to be easier and not limited in the laboratory only. It can also be learned online and fun to explore.
NOTES
OHM'S LAW
V = IR Ohm's Law states that the electrical current flowing through a conductor is directly proportionate to the voltage across the two end of the conductor provided that the temperature and other physical conditions are fixed.
The triangle formula can be used to memorize Ohm's Law. Put your finger on the value you are looking for. Then multiply or divide the two given value.
I = V/R
R = V/I
V = I X R
NOTES
CHECK OUT THIS VIDEO TOO CLICK HERE
Credit video to Knowledge Platform
COMPONENTS
A complete electric current is made up of various electrical components such as:
Battery
Supply energy to the circuit by doing work upon the charge to move it from the low energy terminal to the high energy terminal.
Resistor
Reduces the electric current. Measured in units of ohms (symbol: Ω).
Bulb
Converts electrical energy to light. When electric current flows through it, the bulb produces light.
Switch
Control the flow of electrical current within a circuit. It can be used to both inhibit the flow of the current or to initiate it.
COMPONENTS
Ammeter
Measuring the flow of electric current
Galvanometer
Detect or measure the presence of a small amount of current flowing in a circuit.
Voltmeter
Measuring electric potential difference between two points in an electric circuit. It is connected in parallel. Measured in units of voltage (symbol: V).
PhET SIMULATION USER MANUAL
1. Search "PhET Simulation" in your search engine.
PhET SIMULATION
2. Scroll down and choose Physics subject.
3. Filter the topic that we will focus. Tick only Electricity, Magnets & Circuits
PhET SIMULATION USER MANUAL
4. Choose Circuit Construction Kit: DC - Virtual Lab
5. This is the display for running your activity / experiment
6. READY TO EXPLORE!
PhET SIMULATION USER MANUAL
Button to take note:
NOW LET US DO SOME ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 1
Try to build a simple circuit using PhET Simulation. That is a series circuit and a parallel circuit and record your observation. Aim: To give early exposure to students in building circuits using PhET simulation Apparatus: Switch 3 bulbs Battery (15V)
Figure 1.1: Series Circuit Figure 1.2: Parallel Circuit
Questions: 1. Which bulb is more brighter? 2. Why does the bulb in _______ circuit is more brighter?
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 1
Answers:
1. Which bulb is more brighter? 2. Why does the bulb in _______ circuit is more brighter?
1. Bulb in Parallel Circuit is more brighter than bulb in Series Circuit2. Because in a series circuit, the voltage is equally distributed among all of the bulbs. In a parallel circuit the voltage for each bulb is the same as the voltage in the circuit.
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 2
By using PhET Simulation buid a circuit to measure the current and voltage using suitable measuring apparatus. Apparatus: Ammeter, Voltmeter,connecting wire, switch, dry cell and bulb.
Figure 2.1
A. Measuring current using an ammeter Instruction 1. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 1.2 using one dry cell. 2. Turn on the switch and record the reading of the ammeter. Observe the brightness of the bulb. Record your observations. 4. Repeat step 1 to 3 using two dry cells.
ACTIVITY ZONE
B. Measuring voltage using an voltmeter Instruction 1. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 1.3 using one dry cell. 2. Turn on the switch and record the reading of the ammeter. Observe the brightness of the bulb. Record your observations. 4. Repeat step 1 to 3 using two dry cells.
Figure 2.2
Observation
Reading of ammeter / A
ACTIVITY ZONE
Questions 1. What is the relationship between the electrical current and the increase in the number of dry cells? 2. What is the relationship between the voltage and the increase in the number of dry cells? 3. Give an inference for the brightness of bulb in Activity A. 4. What is the relationship between the voltage, electric current and the brightness of the bulb?
Reading of ammeter / A
ACTIVITY ZONE
Answers:
Figure 2.4: Activity A with 2 dry cell
Figure 2.3: Activity A with 1 dry cell
Figure 2.6: Activity B with 2 dry cell
Figure 2.5: Activity B with 1 dry cell
Result of the observation
ACTIVITY ZONE
Answers: 1. What is the relationship between the electrical current and the increase in the number of dry cells? When the number of dry cells increase, the current increases. 2. What is the relationship between the voltage and the increase in the number of dry cells? When the number of dry cells increase, the voltage increases. 3. Give an inference for the brightness of bulb in Activity A. The brightness of the bulb increases because of the current in the circuit increases. 4. What is the relationship between the voltage, electric current and the brightness of the bulb? When the voltage inceases, the current increases and the brightness of the bulb increases.
Reading of ammeter / A
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 3
Aim: To study current, voltage and resistance in a series circuit. Apparatus: Bulb (1.5V), Wire. Dry Cell, Switch, Ammeter and Voltmeter
Instruction: 1. Set up a series circuit as shown in Figure 3.1 (a). 2. Turn on the switch and measure the current that flows through bulb M. Measure the current that flows through bulb N by placing the ammeter between M and N as shown in Figure 3.1 (b). 3. Measure the current that flows through bulb M and N by setting up the circuit as shown in Figure 3.1 (c). 4. Set up the voltmeter across the bulb M, followed by bulb N as shown in Figure 3.1 (d) to measure the voltage reading across the bulb.
Figure 3.1
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 3
5. Set up the voltmeter as shown in Figure 3.1 (e) to measure the voltage across two bulb. 6. Calculate the resistance for each bulb separately and also for both the bulbs using Ohm's Law. 7. Record all the readings in a table.
Figure 3.1
Questions 1. What is your conclusion on the current flow through the series circuit? 2. What will happen to the bulbs in the series circuit if one of the bulbs is removed?
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 3
Questions: 1. What is your conclusion on the current flow through the series circuit? 2. What will happen to the bulbs in the series circuit if one of the bulbs is removed?
Answers: 1. The current that flows through every point is the same. 2. The other bulb does not light up. When one bulb is removed, the circuit is broken.
ACTIVITY ZONE
Current, Voltage and Resistance in Series Circuit can be concluded as:
Table 3.1: Advantages and Disadvantages of a Series Circuit
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 4
Aim: To study current, voltage and resistance in a parallel circuit. Apparatus: Bulb (1.5V), Wire. Dry Cell, Switch, Ammeter and Voltmeter
Instruction: 1. Set up a parallel circuit as shown in Figure 4.1 (a). 2. Turn on the switch and measure the current that flows through bulb M. Measure the current that flows through bulb N by changing the position of the ammeter. 3. Measure the current that flows through both the bulbs, M and N by setting up the circuit as shown in Figure 4.1 (b). 4. Fix the voltmeter across bulb M followed by bulb N as shown in Figure 4.1 (c) to measure the voltage across the bulb.
Figure 4.1
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 4
5. Fix the voltmeter as shown in Figure 4.1 (d) to measure the voltage across two bulbs. 6. Calculate the resistance for each bulb separately and also for both the bulbs using Ohm's Law. 7. Record all the readings in a table.
Figure 4.1
Questions: 1. Is the value of voltage different for bulb M and N? 2. List out the advantage and disadvantages of a parallel circuit.
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 4
Questions: 1. Is the value of voltage different for bulb M and N? 2. List out the advantage and disadvantages of a parallel circuit?
Answers: 1. The voltage of bulb M and N are the same because the voltage in the parallel circuit is the same. 2. The advantage of a parallel circuit - Each device can be controlled by its own switch. - The damage in one device does not interrupt the function of another device. The disadvantages of a parallel circuit - The voltage in each device cannot be controlled.
ACTIVITY ZONE
Current, Voltage and Resistance in Parallel Circuit can be concluded as:
Table 4.1: Advantages and Disadvantages of a Parallel Circuit
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 5
Solve numerical problem related to current, voltage and resistance in series circuit and parallel circuit.
Questions: 1. Based on Figure 1, calculate: a) the effective resistance b) the current in the circuit c) the voltage across each resistor
Figure 5.1
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 5
Solve numerical problem related to current, voltage and resistance in series circuit and parallel circuit.
Questions: 2. Based on Figure 2, calculate: a) the effective resistance b) the current in the circuit c) the voltage across each resistor
Figure 5.2
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 5 :
Answers: 1.
ACTIVITY ZONE
ACTIVITY 5 :
Answers: 2.
Electrical wiring at home Electrical wiring system in our homes is connected in parallel. For example, all the lights gets the same voltage from its main power supply. The current that flows from the main power supply to the circuit is controlled by a distribution panel. (Figure 1)
Figure 6: Distribution panel
exercise time
1. Solve the crossword puzzle using the question given below
Answer:
a. Ammeter is used to measure ________ in the circuit. While Voltmeter is used to measure ________ in the circuit. b. _______ is the unit for electric current, _______ is the unit for resistance and ________ is the unit for voltage. c. Energy is measured in the unit ________. d. Diagram above shown is a complete series circuit. The resistance for X is _______ ohm.
Figure 7
exercise time
ANSWER
Answer:
a. Ammeter is used to measure current in the circuit. While Voltmeter is used to measure voltage in the circuit. b. Ampere is the unit for electric current, ohm is the unit for resistance and volt is the unit for voltage. c. Energy is measured in the unit Joule. d. Diagram above shown is a complete series circuit. The resistance for X is four ohm.
exercise time
2. Solve the crossword puzzle below:
ACROSS c) ________ resists the electric current from flowing through a conductor. d) A circuit connected in ______ has the same current across the bulb.
DOWN a) ________ allows the electric current to flow through it. b) A circuit connected in ______ has the same voltage across the bulb.
exercise time
ANSWER
ACROSS c) Resistor resists the electric current from flowing through a conductor. d) A circuit connected in series has the same current across the bulb.
DOWN a) Conductor allows the electric current to flow through it. b) A circuit connected in parallel has the same voltage across the bulb.
exercise time
3. The following diagram shows an electrical circuit. What is the total resistance on the circuit
4. The following diagram shows an electrical circuit. What is the total resistance on the circuit
exercise time
3. The following figure shows an electrical circuit. What is the total resistance on the circuit Answer:
Figure 8
4. The following figure shows an electrical circuit. What is the total resistance on the circuit Answer:
Figure 9
CONCEPT MAP
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
V = V + V
I = I = I
R = R + R
1 2
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
SERIES CIRCUIT
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
OHM'S LAW
V = IR
V = V = V
I = I + I
R R R
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 1 1
= +
SELF REFLECTion
New things I have learnt in this subtopic are: The most interesting things I have learnt in this subtopic is ________. The least thing that I understand is ______ and I need to improve myself.
Characterize current, voltage and resistance and their units. Draw a conclusion on the relationship between current, voltage and resistance. Elaborate and communicate about the flow of electric current in series and parallel circuit.
THE END
Prepared by: Siti Aizzah binti Mohammad Asari Supervisor: Dr Omar Ayad Fadhil Al-Zuhairi