STRUGGLE FOR SYMBOLS

FREEDOM NEEDS HERSTORY

STRUGGLE FOR SYMBOLS

-FRANQUISM

IES SABINA MORA2021-2022

Index

1. CONTEXT

4. RITUALS

-Before the civil war

-Civil War

-Evolution

-Characteristics of the Franquism

-Social impact

2. SYMBOLS

5. CONCLUSION

-Eagle shield

-Musical pieces

6. TESTING YOUR ATTENTION

3. MONUMENTS

-Valle de los Caídos

-Tribute to Manuel Bruquetas

1. CONTEXT

The Franquism was a period of Spanish's History in which the country was immersed in a fascist dictatorship. This regime was established and ruled by Francisco Franco from the Civil War (1936-1939) to the Franco's death (1975).

1.CONTEXT

BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR

1923. Political instability between communists, fascists and liberals. Miguel Primo de Rivera imposes a dictatorship until 1930. 1931. The dictatorship loses support. On 14th April is proclamated the Second Spanish Republic which have 13 different governments in 5 years. 1936. The confrontations between left and right provokes the military uprising led by the general Francisco Franco.

1.CONTEXT

CIVIL WAR

Rebels, the national side, were supported by Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's Germany whereas Republicans were supported by Russian comunists. After a long Civil War (1936-1939), the nationalist side won and general Francisco Franco established a fascist dictatorship which sowed fear in Spain from 1939 to 1975.

FRANCISCO FRANCO

EVOLUTION OF THE CIVIL WAR

17th July 1936 --- 1st April 1939

1.CONTEXT

CHARACTERISTICS

-Militar dictatorship, where Franco had all the state powers. -Neither human rights nor liberties. -Anticommunism. -Famines and ration cards for food. -Censhorship and repression. -Catholicism = Ideological basis of the Franquism.

2. SYMBOLS

The symbols of Franquism were iconic references to identify the Francoist State in Spain between 1936 and 1975. Some of the most popular symbols are:

COAT OF ARMS OF FRANCO

EAGLE SHIELD YOKE AND ARROWS VÍCTOR

FALANGE'S FLAG

2. SYMBOLS

MUSICAL PIECES

NO-DO's TUNE

CARA AL SOL

(Used in 1936-1981 to introduce the news, documentaries, etc., during the Franquism)

FALANGE's HYMN

3. MONUMENTS

There are still a lot of franquist monuments all over the country. Some of the most importants, apart from the "Valle de los Caídos", are:

VICTORY ARC MONOLITH TO GENERAL MOLA MONUMENT TO VICTORY (Madrid) (Burgos) (Tenerife)

3. MONUMENTS

VALLE DE LOS CAÍDOS

This monument is located at Cuelgamuros Valley in the Sierra de Guadarrama, in Madrid.

It is a Catholic Basilica with a big cross on the risk, which was built between 1940 and 1958 by mainly republicans political prisioners.

Its creation was ordered by Franco to bury Primo de Rivera, and all the soldiers who passed away during the Civil War.

3. Monuments

VALLE DE LOS CAÍDOS

There are different sculptures which represent the Evangelists Juan, Mateo, Lucas and Marcos and The Mercy.

The cross is 150 metres high, the highest one in the world. This monument is considered National Heritage since the 1st April 1959 and it received thousands of tourists each year.

Juan Lucas Marcos Mateo

3. Monuments

VALLE DE LOS CAÍDOS

However, its presence has been really controversial these last years because General Franco was buried here after his death, and many people were against this decision. One year after his death (20th November 1976) there was a funeral attended by the Kings of Spain.

Juan Carlos and Sofia

3. Monuments

VALLE DE LOS CAÍDOS

The most discussed Franco's topic is, in fact, where should he be buried. Here we have two sides, those who defend his permanence in "Valle de los Caídos"(2), and those who want his removal, including Primo de Rivera (1).

3. Monuments

VALLE DE LOS CAÍDOS

Finally, on 15th February 2019, our president Pedro Sánchez approved his exhumation from "El Valle de los Caídos". His body was finally transfered to the Mingorrubio Cementery on 24th October 2019.

Previous Franco's grave in the "Valle de los Caídos"

3. MONUMENTS

TRIBUTE TO MANUEL BRUQUETAS

3. MONUMENTS

TRIBUTE TO MANUEL BRUQUETAS

4. RITUALS

20-N

INTRODUCTION HERE

Title here

On 20th November 1936 José Antonio Primo de Rivera, the founder of the fascist party "Falange Española", was fusilated in Alicante. Later, during Franquism, this date was officially adopted as the Day of Pain. Moreover, this date also coincide with the death of Franco, and it is still being celebrated by some groups.

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JOSÉ ANTONIO PRIMO DE RIVERA

FALANGE'S FLAG

4. RITUALS

20-N

EVOLUTION

The first time it was celebrated after Franco's death was in 1976 in the Valle de los Caídos, and it was a funeral attended by the Kings of Spain.

After that day it became less and less important and only those who were nostalgic for the Franco regime celebrated it to express their opposition to democracy.

Previous kings: Juan Carlos Sofía

Previous Franco's grave in the "Valle de los Caídos"

4. RITUALS

20-N

EVOLUTION

Starting in the 80s, commemorations were reduced to very minority groups.

In the early years of the 21st century there were altercations and moments of tension, especially in 2007 since a few days before 20N, an anti-fascist, Carlos Javier Palomino, was assassinated by a neo-Nazi soldier.

5. CONCLUSION

6. TESTING YOUR ATTENTION

THANK YOU!

IES SABINA MORA 2021-2022 -ABEL PÉREZ GUILLÉN

-VICENTE MARTÍNEZ ROCA

1st Bachillerato A

-JUAN MANUEL ESCUDERO LÓPEZ

-SERGIO MANUEL SÁNCHEZ OLIVARES

-FRANCISCO JAVIER LÓPEZ TABERNERO

It's the flag of our country, which we are proud of. We aren't defending at any time the Franquism.