Unit 3 Study Guide

Unit 3 Study Guide

Metabolism/ATP

Chapter 9: CR

Chapter 10: Photosynthesis

Chapter 36: Transpiration

Other

Transpiration

Forces:

• Adhesion
• Cohesion
• Water potential gradient --> negative pull

*Water moves through xylem*

What regulates transpiration?

1. Opening and closing of stomata based on CO2 depletion, light, circadian rhythm
2. Use K+ gradient to make guard cells turgid or flaccid

Increases:Wind, Light, Temperature Decreases: Humidity

Photosynthesis

Chloroplast *chemical energy stored in bonds of glucose* *Chlorophyll a primary pigment*

Light Reactions

Calvin Cycle

Diagrams

Light Reactions

Thylakoid membrane ETC and Chemiosmosis

Inputs light H2O ADP NADP+

Outputs O2 ATP NADPH

Calvin Cycle

Stroma

1. Carbon fixation
2. Reduction
3. Regeneration of CO2

Inputs ATP NADPH CO2

Outputs ADP + P NADP+ G3P

PS Diagrams

Cellular Respiration

• Catabolic
• Aerobic
• Exergonic

Gylcolysis

Krebs Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

CR Diagrams

Glycolysis

Occurs in cytosol *done by all organisms* *energy investment and payoff phase*

Inputs glucose 2 ATP NAD+

Outputs 2 Pyruvate 4 ATP NADH

Krebs Cycle

Mitochondrial Matrix *occurs twice*

Inputs Pyruvate NAD+ 2 ADP + P FAD

Outputs CO2 NADH 2 ATP FADH2

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Cristae 2 stages: ETC and Chemiosmosis ETC fueled by proton gradient

Inputs FADH2 NADH O2

Outputs H2O 30 ATP FAD+ NAD+

Metabolism and ATP

Anabolic Endergonic Consumes energy +delta G build up polymers photosynthesis

Catabolic exergonic Releases energy -delta G Spontaneous Breaks down polymers cell respiration

Coupling --> combines exergonic and endergonic reactions

Metabolism and ATP Diagrams

Miscellaneous

Closed cardio system --> blood contained in vessels Open cardio system --> blood free in body

Reduced --> gains electrons Oxidized --> loses electrons

Two types of fermentation (anaerobic)

1. Alcoholic --> ethanol byproduct
2. Lactic acid --> lactic acid byproduct