THE MIDDLE EAST INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION

Middle East

Intellectual Revolution

start

3. Contributions of the Middle East Civilization

index

4. Developments asnd Inventions of the Middle East Civilization

4.1. The kitab "Al-Jabr"

1. The Middle East Civilization

4.1. Astrolabes

4.1. The Abbasid State

4.1. The Book of Ingenious Devices

1.1. The Islamicate Scholars

1.2. The Islamicate Scholars

1.3. The Abbaside Caliphate

5. Medieval Automatons

6. The Middle East and Health Sciences

2. The Bayt Al-Hikmah

2.1. Continuation- Schools of Mu'tazilla -Caliphate Al-Mamun

6.1. Abu Bakr Al-Razi

6.2. Ibn Sina

6.3. The Canon of Medicine

7. LESSON SPOTLIGHT

Chapter 1

-The Middle-East civilization has a very rich culture and tradition. They also have an enormous contribution to science and technology. -The blended culture by the civilization and various belief systems made the early Islamic science very inclusive. They have a very high literacy rate, furthermore, they are adherent to treat others equally.

Middle Eastern Civilization

A short history

The Islamicate Scholars

-Islamicate scholars are people influenced by Islamic civilization regardless of their religious views. They gave us mathematical terms like algebra, azimuth, algorithms, and many more.

The City of Baghdad

-Baghad, the first capital of abbasid, was founded by Caliphate Al-Mansur in 754 AD, and became the largest urban are in 930 AD.

Abbasid caliphate

Their culture flourished during the time of Abbasid caliphate (750-1571), where it served as a crossroad trading zones for Persia, India, Byzantine cultures, and various religions, and many languages flourished in the civilization.

Abbasid Caliphate

The "Bayt al-hikmah"

-The city housed the “Bayt al-Hikmah” or the house of wisdom, a great library that began from the collections of Caliphate Al-Mansur, which he then opened up to visiting scholars, even the delegations from other state like india. His successor, Caliphate al-rashid, carried on this tradition, and supported the “Translation Movement” - Because of the fluid trade of knowledge collection, many Baghdad scholar-translators were influenced by the works of Aristotle like Ibn Rushd, he is sometimes called "The Commentator" being Aristotle's top fan.

Bayt al hikmah cont.

Schools of Mu'tazilla

Caliphate Al-Mamun

Number of ancient philosophers astronomers and polymaths from Persia, Abu Mashar, Al-Razi and Alburuni. Also attempted to propose the heliocentrism, there theories were againts Aristotle but with observe data. Al-Mamuan created a team that attempted to measure the circumference of the earth using astronomical observations and derived the number of 24,480 miles, and in modern calculation, the earth's circumference is 24,901- which is less that 2% accurate than the one made by Al-Mamuan's team, Not bad!

Contributions of the Middle East

-They established a lot of infrastructure as house of knowledge, like observatories, hospitals, public libraries, and Madrasas, an Islamic college. -They have a very rich pool of culture and religion with accumulated knowledge. In Madrasas, they can study law Greek natural philosophy, logic arithmetic, astronomy, and astrology during that time.

The kitab "Al-jabr"

Developments and inventions

Astrolabes

The Abbasid State

The Book of Ingenious Devices

Medieval automatons

by Al-Jazari

In 1206, Diyarbakir, Turkey, polymath Al-Jazari wrote an even more amazing book on machines, "The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices", it also covers hundreds of machines, and with instructions on how to build them. Like, Waterwheel, Watermill, Giant Water Clock, Elephant and Castle Shaped Clock, Fountain, Candle Clock, Musical Automata, and Water Flute.

Ismail Al-Jazari

The Middle East Civilization and health sciences

The Middle-east civilization also contributed in the health sciences. In 854 AD, a Persian polymath Abu Bakr al-Razi, wrote dozens of book with detailed accounts of his work.

He is a major contributor in the medieval field of psychology and ophthalmology, he was the first to identify small pox and measles, and most of his medicinal works are based on Greek humoral medicine and natural philosophy.

He also wrote "al-Hawi al-Kabir" or the Virtuous Life, a very influential medical encyclopedia and also wrote Islamic prophetic medicine, "al-tibb al-nabawi", advocated traditional medical practices mentioned in the Qur'an.

Abu Bakr al-Razi

The Middle East Civilization and health sciences

The best-selling book in medical education was "al-Qanun fi al-Tibb", or "The Canon of Medicine" by lbn Sina, also referred Avicenna, he is a Persian polymath born in 980 AD.

He mashed up different books of famous physicians and made notes of his own, which helped the readers in easily understanding. It is important to note in learning medical science to participate in the scientific wonder called scholasticism- or learning through close readings of approved texts that recorded the observations and theories of earlier thinkers.

Ibn Sina

The Middle East Civilization and health sciences

"The Canon of Medicine", is a book of a little bit of everything in medical science, from the collected accounts of Aristotle, Hippocrates, and many more.

The Middle-east civilization has a very rich culture of knowledge, hundreds of collections of knowledge and accounts.

It has become the urban centers of trade and knowledge exchange populated by natural philosophers with a keen desire to build upon earlier insights.

lesson spotlight

The Middle-east intellectual revolution has revolutionized mathematics, astronomy, medicinal science and engineering, up to date, their sophistication to the field is very evident. The colorful science and technology, paired with their rich culture and religion revolutionized the way we view science and arts.

thanks for listening!