Timeline Spanish History

timeline Spanish history

1469

722

1701-14

1571

1808-14

1492

Jews and America

lepanto

Aragon and Castile

Reconquista

Spanish Succesion

Penisnular War

The Bourbons and the Habsburgs fight for the Spanish monarchy. Bourbons wins, and the aftermath means the Loss of Catalan autonomy (9/11)

Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon get married. The Crown of Castile and that of Aragon are ruled by the same royal family. The Spanish monarchy is born.

Reconquista is the long war between Christians kingdoms and Muslims emirates in Iberian Peninsula. It lasted until 1492.

Jews were expelled from Spanish territories and Columbus landed in Hispaniola. Muslims are expelled in 1609.

At Lepanto the Spanish fleet defeted the Turkish. Spain is the master of the Mediterranean.

Napoleon took control of Spain. Uprising against French troops (May 2) and birth of Spanish naionalism.

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1833

1872-7 6

1813-33

1812

1808-33

1846-49

1833-40

1868

constitution

FERNANDO VII

latin america

carlists wars

isabel ii

revolution

Fernando VII abolished the constitution, which led to civil wars and coup attempts. The situation remains unstable until 1876.

The Spanish colonies gained independence. They preferred liberalism rather than Spanish absolute monarchy of Fernando VII.

In 1868 Isabel II feld the country. Liberals propose a new king, Amadeo of Savoy. He reigned between 1870 and 1873.

Isabel II, Fernando's daughter, is crowned queen. She was controlled by several generals, who imposed their will through coups d'état.

Carlist were ultra-Catholic, Federal and Conservative royalists. They fought 3 wars to impede Liberal reforms in Spain.

In Cadiz the representatives of diferents anti-French grups wrote the first Spanish contitution.

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1890

1876

1909

1917-23

1873

1898

spanish american war

pistolerismo

male suffrage

Spanish Republic

restoration

The Tragic week

Industrialists and anarchists clash on the streets of Barcelona in a sort of gang war. The pistoleros of both will make about 220 victims.

The war resulted in the loss of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Intellectuals (Generation of 98) explore the reasons for Spain's decadence.

In Barcelona, enlisted soldiers refuse to go to Morocco, where Spain is building a new colonial empire. They loot churches and convents during one week.

The right to vote is accorded to all adult males. However, Spanish political system is based on electoral fraud, and is not democratic.

Bourbons dinasty is restored, and semi liberal Constitution is approved. Two party alternates in power: Liberals and Conservatives.

In 1873 the 1st Spanish Republic was proclaimed. It lasted until 1874, when Monarchy was resoterd after a coup d'état and a Civil War.

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1923

1936-39

1931

1936

1934

1939-75

primo de rivera

2nd republic

october events

popular front

CIVIL WAR

franco regime

A coalition of leftists, republican parties and Catalan nationalists won the elections. They pardoned anyone involved in the 1934 October events

PSOE and Catalan nationalists seek to overthrow the right-wing government. They fail and are severely repressed. The Catalan government is arrested.

The military try to overthrow the government. They fail, a civil war begins. Franco becomes their leader. Italy, Germany and URSS were involved.

Primo de Rivera, by order of the king, established a dictatorship, vaguely inspired by that of Mussolini. Parties and trade unions were dissolved.

Republicans win the municipal elections, Alfonso XIII flees and the monarchy falls. The 2nd Spanish republic begins

Franco won the war and established an authoritarian regime. It was the longest-lasting dictatorship in Europe.

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1959

1973

1969

1966

1953

1947

national-catholicism

press act

juan carlos i

carrero blanco

pact of madrid

foundation of eta

Franco appoints Juan Carlos I as the next king. He is the son of the rightful heir to the throne, who lives in exile, is a liberal and an opponent of Franco.

USA and Spain reach an agreement: economic aid and investment in exchange for the opening of military bases. A long cooperation began.

Censorship is no longer preventive, authors can publish if they respect Movimiento's values. They can be severely sanctioned if they violate them.

Spain is a Catholic, social and representative State that, according to its tradition, is a Kingdom. Franco is the head of state, and will design his heir.

ETA, the armed group claiming independence of the Basque Country, is born. Eta made the frst victim in 1968.

ETA kills Gen. Carrero Blanco, Prime Minister and Franco's right hand man.

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1982-96

1977

1975

1981

1978

1983-86

elections and generalitat

socialist governments

franco dies

the consitution

23-f

gal

GAL was an armed group that attacked suspected Eta members. They killed 27 people. In 1994, the government's involvement is discovered.

PSOE won the elections and Felipe Gonzalez became the first socialist president of democratic Spain. He will be re-elected four times.

A Guardia Civil unit occupies the congress. I the begginning of a coup to stop the Transition The king intervenes to stop the coup. Democracy is save.

The Spanish Contitution is approved by the Congress and voted by Spanish people in a referendum.

Franco dies at 83 years. The Transition to democracy begins.

Political parties are legalised and first elections are held. In the same year, Generalitat is restored.

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1996

1989

1986

1993-96

2000

1992

barcelona olympics

Partido puplar

NATO and Europe

psoe in crisis

pp wins

pp wins again

PP won the elections. The first government of the Spanish right after Francoism began. PP is supported by moderate Catalan nationalism (CiU).

AP, the party of the old regime simpatizers, turns into the Popular Party. The party wants to be a democratic right-wing force.

Olympics were the chance to present to the world the post-Franco Spain: a democratic and wealthy society. It was also the chance to transform Barcelona.

González's government received harsh attacks for corruption scandals, the GAL case and the economic crisis.

Aznar wins once again, now with absolute majority. He abbandones his Catalan allies of CiU and aplies a more aggressive agenda.

Referendum on staying in nato is held, and yea wins. In the same year, Spain joins European Union.

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2010

2004

2003

2008

2004

2011

the great recession

catalan nationalism

iraq war

11-m

Zapatero

Mariano Rajoy

The Socialist Zapatero is elected premier. PP accuses the PSOE of exploiting 11-M attack, but society is still outraged at how the right wing lied.

On 11 March, in Madrid, 192 people died in a terrorist attack. The government blamed ETA without proof, while it was clear that Al-Qaeda was responsible.

The effect of the global financial crisis hit Spanish society, bringing to an end the most important economic boom since the 1960s.

Spain goes to war in Iraq with the US, contrary to the opinion of a large part of society. In Barcelona, protests gather 1.3 million people.

PSOE lost the elections, because of the way Zapatero dealt with the crisis. The new president is Mariano Rajoy, of the PP. ETA quits the armed struggle.

The Constitutional Court does not approve the reform of the Catalan Statute of Autonomy. A crisis between Barcelona and Madrid begins.