Data Entry- Chapter 1

Chapter 1

Basics of computer

Start

Chapter 1

Basics of computer

Start

1. What is a Computer?

7. Softwares

index

2. Five basic operations performed by a computer

8. Computer language

3. Diagram

9. The End

4. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

5. Input devices

6. Output devices

wHAT IS A COMPUTER?

What does a Computer do?

A computer performs five functions or operations such as:

Block diagram of a computer system with label

Central processing Unit (CPU)

• The CPU is the brain of the computer.

• The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and Control Unit (CU) of a computer system are jointly called the Central Processing Unit.

PERIPHERAL DEVICES

• Peripheral devices are connected to the computer externally. These devices are used for performing some specific functions. Peripheral devices are as follows:

1. Input Devices2. Output Devices3. Other Peripherals

What are Input Devices?

Input devices accept data and instructions from the user

What are Output Devices?

Output devices produce results in the form of output

The different types of output devices are

• Monitor
• Printer
• Plotter and
• Speaker.

1. Monitor (Visual Display Unit)

• It is the most important output device because people interact with it more than others.

2 types of monitors used:

a) CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)

b)LCD (Liquid Crystal Displays)

2.Printer

• After a document is created on the computer, it can be sent to a printer for a hard copy.

• Some printers offer special features such as colored and large page formats.

Types of Printers

Line Printer

Laser Printer

Dot Matrix Printer

Inkjet Printer

3. Plotters

• Plotters are used to produce high quality drawings and images, such as construction plans for buildings

• Can be connected to the port used by a printer.

• Usually come in 2 designs

4. Speaker

• Speaker is an output device which allows you to listen to voice and music.

SOFTWARE

• In order to perform any task, you have to give a set of instructions in a particular sequence to the computer. These sets of instructions are called Programs.

• Software refers to a set of programs that makes hardware perform a particular set of tasks in particular order.

Software can be classified into the following categories and subcategories:

Operating System- it is a system software.

Utilities

• Utilities are programs that bridge the gap between functions of an OS and the needs of users.

• Example: Compress (zip) / uncompress (unzip) files, Antivirus software.

Application Software.

There are two types of Application Softwares:

A. Generalized Packages:These are user friendly softwares used for preparing documents and presentations, playing games etc.

B.Customized Packages: Applications that are customized to meet specific requirements of an organisation.

Distinguish between: System Software and Application Software

COMPUTER LANGUAGES

• Languages are means of communication
• Computer languages are understood both by the user and the machine
• Just as every language has its grammatical rules, every computer language is bound by rules known as SYNTAX of that language.

Computer languages are broadly classified as: Low Level Language and High Level language

COMPILER AND ASSEMBLER

• They make the machine understand the instructions provided by both languages (low and high level)
• They convert these instructions into meaningful information.