Passive and Reported Speech

Week #4

Msc. Melissa Salazar

Topic

Direct vs. Indirect

Active vs. Passive

Orders & Questions

10

Structure

Video

Say or Tell

11

Practice

When do we use it?

Time Expressions

Video

Structure

Passive Voice

Active vs. Passive

ACTIVE VOICEA sentence has a subject that acts upon its verb.

PASSIVE VOICEA subject is a recipient of a verb’s action

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Structure

Monkeys adore bananas. Bananas are adored by monkeys.

BE

V.P.P

When do we use it?

In order to put the new information at the end of the sentence to improve style:

When we want to change the focus of the sentence

When who or what causes the action is unknown or unimportant or obvious or 'people in general'

Video

Reported Speech

Direct vs. Indirect

DIRECT1. States the exact words. 2. Put quotation marks. (" ") 3. Use a comma to separate the quotation from the rest of the sentence.

INDIRECT1. Reports without using the exact words. "2. Word that can introduce indirect speech. 3. Do NOT use quotation marks.

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TELL

SAY

PAST FORM : SAID

PAST FORM : TOLD

Mention the listener.

Do NOT mention the listener.

VS

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLES

He told her that it was a great haircut.“It´s a great haircut,” he told Ann.

He said it was a great haircut. “It´s a great haircut,” he said.

Time Expressions

Structure

We change it to the nearest past.

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Orders & Questions

Requests

We simply use 'ask me + to + infinitive':

Questions

Direct speech: Where do you live? Reported speech: She asked me where I lived. Direct speech: Do you like chocolate? Reported speech: She asked me if I liked chocolate.

Video

Let's Practice!