UNIT 1
INTERACTION
START
0- VITAL FUNCTIONS
1- THE SENSES
INDEX
2- THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
3- THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM
VITAL FUNCTIONS
THE SENSES
SIGHT
2. The coloured part is the IRIS. It controls the amount of light that enters the eye.
1. Light passes through the CORNEA and enters the eye through the PUPIL.
3. The LENS focuses the light on the RETINA at the back of the eye.
5. The FOVEA is an area in the retina that provides the clearest vision.
4. NERVE RECEPTORS in the retina detect light and send electrical signals to the OPTIC NERVE. From there, the signals are carried to the brain.
HEARING
1. Sound waves enter the ear through the AUDITORY CANAL (outer ear).
2. Sound waves make the EARDRUM and the THREE SMALL BONES vibrate (middle ear).
3. The COCHLEA transforms the sound vibrations into electrical signals (inner ear).
4. The AUDITORY NERVE carries the electrical signals to the brain.
SMELL TASTE
1. Food touches the TONGUE, which is covered with TASTE BUDS. 2. The taste buds have RECEPTOR CELLS that detect tastes: 3. Electrical signals are carried to the brain by GUSTATORY NERVES.
1. Chemical particles in the air enter the nose through the NOSTRILS. 2. The NERVE RECEPTORS detect them and send electrical signals to the OLFACTORY BULB in the brain.
TOUCH
1. Your SKIN covers and protects your body. The top layers is the EPIDERMIS. The middle layer is the DERMIS. The dermis contains many BLOOD VESSELS and NERVES.
2. The nerves in your skin send electrical signals to the brain.
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
- It is made up of nerves. - These nerves are made up of tiny cells called NEURONS. - Neurons have DENDRITES (receive signals) and AXONS (transmit signals to other neurons).
THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM
THE SKELETON
An adult human skeleton has 206 bones. There are three types of bones: - SHORT BONES provide stability and support. For example, vertebrae. - FLAT BONES protect our internal organs. For example, sternum and ribs. - LONG BONES are found in the arms and legs. JOINTS: they connect bones. LIGAMENTS: elastic tissues which hold together our joints. CARTILAGE: strong and flexible tissue which protects the end of our bones. TENDONS: they joins muscles to bones.
MUSCLES
The human body has more than 600 muscles. The nervous system controls these muscles by making them contract and relax. There are three types of muscles: - SKELETAL MUSCLES. We can control and move them (voluntary muscles). - SMOOTH MUSCLES are found in organs like the stomach and the intestines. We cannot control them (involuntary muscles). - CARDIAC MUSCLE makes the heart move and beat (involuntary muscle).
UNIT 1. INTERACTION. 6TH
Sandra
Created on September 11, 2021
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Transcript
UNIT 1
INTERACTION
START
0- VITAL FUNCTIONS
1- THE SENSES
INDEX
2- THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
3- THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM
VITAL FUNCTIONS
THE SENSES
SIGHT
2. The coloured part is the IRIS. It controls the amount of light that enters the eye.
1. Light passes through the CORNEA and enters the eye through the PUPIL.
3. The LENS focuses the light on the RETINA at the back of the eye.
5. The FOVEA is an area in the retina that provides the clearest vision.
4. NERVE RECEPTORS in the retina detect light and send electrical signals to the OPTIC NERVE. From there, the signals are carried to the brain.
HEARING
1. Sound waves enter the ear through the AUDITORY CANAL (outer ear).
2. Sound waves make the EARDRUM and the THREE SMALL BONES vibrate (middle ear).
3. The COCHLEA transforms the sound vibrations into electrical signals (inner ear).
4. The AUDITORY NERVE carries the electrical signals to the brain.
SMELL TASTE
1. Food touches the TONGUE, which is covered with TASTE BUDS. 2. The taste buds have RECEPTOR CELLS that detect tastes: 3. Electrical signals are carried to the brain by GUSTATORY NERVES.
1. Chemical particles in the air enter the nose through the NOSTRILS. 2. The NERVE RECEPTORS detect them and send electrical signals to the OLFACTORY BULB in the brain.
TOUCH
1. Your SKIN covers and protects your body. The top layers is the EPIDERMIS. The middle layer is the DERMIS. The dermis contains many BLOOD VESSELS and NERVES.
2. The nerves in your skin send electrical signals to the brain.
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
- It is made up of nerves. - These nerves are made up of tiny cells called NEURONS. - Neurons have DENDRITES (receive signals) and AXONS (transmit signals to other neurons).
THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM
THE SKELETON
An adult human skeleton has 206 bones. There are three types of bones: - SHORT BONES provide stability and support. For example, vertebrae. - FLAT BONES protect our internal organs. For example, sternum and ribs. - LONG BONES are found in the arms and legs. JOINTS: they connect bones. LIGAMENTS: elastic tissues which hold together our joints. CARTILAGE: strong and flexible tissue which protects the end of our bones. TENDONS: they joins muscles to bones.
MUSCLES
The human body has more than 600 muscles. The nervous system controls these muscles by making them contract and relax. There are three types of muscles: - SKELETAL MUSCLES. We can control and move them (voluntary muscles). - SMOOTH MUSCLES are found in organs like the stomach and the intestines. We cannot control them (involuntary muscles). - CARDIAC MUSCLE makes the heart move and beat (involuntary muscle).