HISTORY PRESENTATION III

Parthenon

start

Members

Chayasorn Satathanathon No.02Paphatsakorn Khronondaeng No.10 Thananit Thiralakkhanaphat No.17 Siriyakorn Wetchasart No.20 Pornsiri Peng-Un No.25

index

1. Importance of the Parthenon

4. Sculpture

5. Architecture

6. Older Parthenon

2. Etymology

7. Destruction

3. When Was the Parthenon Built?

8. Restoration

Importance of the Parthenon

• Center of religious life in the powerful Greek City-State of Athens.

• The head of the Delian League.

• A symbol of the power, wealth and elevated culture of Athens.

• The largest and most lavish temple the Greek mainland

• An enduring symbol of Ancient Greece

Etymology

• Parthenon's name is from the Greek word παρθενών (parthenon)
• unmarried women's apartments or house of Parthenos
• sometimes been referred to as the Temple of Minerva
• Parthenon used to be called Hekatompedos

When Was the Parthenon Built?

• Dedicated in 438 B.C.
• Sculpting and decoration continued until 432 B.C.

• The Parthenon on the Acropolis in Athens, built in the fifth century BC
• This building replaced a hekatompedon (meaning "hundred‐footer")
• The Older Parthenon was destroyed by the Achaemenids during the Destruction of Athens in 480–479 BC
• In the mid-fifth century BC The Athenians finally decided to rebuild.

Old Parthenon

Parthenon sculptures

Parthenon sculptures

The Parthenon was decorated with sculptures

Different types of marble architectural decoration

Pheidias

The artistic director of the construction

WHO CREATED THE Sculptures ?

The main sculptural decorations

• The metopes
• The frieze
• The pediments
• The Chryselephantine statue of Athena

Metopes

• 92 square carved plaques

• The metopes illustrate episodes from Greek myth

What does the METOPES depict?

Frieze

• Friezes runs on a continuous line around the exterior wall of the cella
• 1 meter high and 160 meters long.

• Friezes depict a Panathenaic procession

Pediments

• The pediments illustrate episodes from Greek myth

• found in classical Greek temples, Etruscan, Roman, Renaissance, Baroque, Louis XIV Style, Neoclassical and Beaux-Arts architecture

What doesthe PEDIMENTS depict?

Athena Parthenos

• A lost massive chryselephantine sculpture of Athena

• 11.5 m tall and stood on a pedestal measuring 4 by 8 meters

• The statue depicts Athena after winning in combat

the sculptures?

WHERE ARE NOW

thanks!

Architectures

Architectures

the temple form

a peripteral octastyle Doric temple with Ionic order architectural features

order of the columns

the

r o o f

In the isosceles triangle shape and occupied by sculpted figures

Doric order with :

• simple capitals
• fluted shafts
• no bases

Tiles

opisthodomos ( 'back room')

The back porch ;

• sometimes serves as rear antrance

adyton ( 'Inaccessible')

A room used as treasury or storage area of dedicated offerings

• only priests can enter this area

naos / cella ( 'sanctuary' )

The temple proper

• Image of Athena stated here

pronaos ( 'front door' )

The entrance way into the temple.

dimensions

a double row of 8 columns at the ends

The base

17 columns on the sides

The cella / naos

outer columns : 46 columns inner columns : 23 columns

The Doric columns

Destruction

• After the Ottoman conquest
• Turned into a mosque in the early 1460s.
• On 26 September 1687
• Was ignited by Venetian bombardment.
• The explosion damaged the Parthenon and its sculptures.

restoration

An archaeological committee thoroughly documented every artifact remaining on the site, and architects assisted with computer models to determine their original locations.

In 1975, the Greek government began a concerted effort to restore the Parthenon and other Acropolis structures.

• https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/greek-art/beginners-guide-greece/a/greek-architectural-orders
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_order
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tympanum_(architecture)
• https://www.britannica.com/art/sculpture/Relief-sculpture
• https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/contested-objects-collection/parthenon-sculptureshttps://blog.britishmuseum.org/an-introduction-to-the-parthenon-and-its-sculptures/
• https://ancient-greece.org/art/parthenon-sculpture.html
• https://www.greece-is.com/the-truth-behind-the-lost-statue-of-athena-and-the-virgins-of-the-parthenon/
• https://joyofmuseums.com/museums/united-kingdom-museums/london-museums/british-museum/highlights-of-the-british-museum/pedimental-sculptures-of-the-parthenon/
• https://tagtonsphotography.blogspot.com/2017/03/the-east-pediment-of-parthenon.html
• https://pt.slideshare.net/RubyTran3/the-parthenon-f-inal/9
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenon_Frieze
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenon#Architecture
• https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Parthenon
• https://www.slideshare.net/kaash7827/greek-architecture-parthenon

Citations

• https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-greece/parthenon#section_1
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Older_Parthenon
• https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-greece/parthenon
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenon#Sculpture
• https://hmong.in.th/wiki/Parthenon
• http://worldcivil14.blogspot.com/2015/09/parthenon.html
• https://thestandard.co/un-supports-parthenon-marbles-returning-to-greece/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_order
• https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frieze

thanks!