1. SS Unit 5: Prehistory

PREHISTORY

START

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INDEX

9. Pre-Roman peoples in the Iberian Peninsula

4. The Iberian Peninsula in Prehistory

1. History

2. Professions related to the study of History

5. Stone Age

8. The Celts

3. Periods of History

6. Metal Ages

9. The Iberians

HISTORY

HISTORY IS everything that happened in the past. History is important because we can learn from the past and we can understand why things happened in our world and use this information to make our lives better.

HISTORICAL SOURCES are objects that give us information about the past. We can use historical sources to learn about history and they can be:

PHOTOS

OBJECTS THAT PEOPLE USED IN THE PAST

BUILDINGS

WRITTEN DOCUMENTS

PAINTINGS

PROFESSIONS RELATED TO THE STUDY OF HISTORY

ARCHIVIST

ARCHIVIST

PALAEONTHOLOGIST

GEOLOGIST

ARCHAEOLOGIST

HISTORIAN

A person who studies fossils.

A person who keeps important documents and historical records safe.

A person who studies and writes about the past.

A person who studies artefacts to learn about how people lived in the past.

A person who studies rocks, minerals and how the Earth’s surface has changed.

PERIODS OF HISTORY

We can divide history into five main periods: Prehistory - Ancient History - Middle Ages - Early Modern Period - Late Modern Period.

• The invention of writing marked the end of the Prehistory
• The fall of Western Roman Empire (AD 476) marked the beginning of the Middle Ages.
• Columbus arrival to America in AD 1492 marked the beginning of the Early Modern Period.
• The War of Independence (AD 1808) marked the beginning of Late Modern Period.

the iberian peninsula in prehistory

PREHISTORY is anything that happened before the invention of writing. Prehistory is divided into two main periods: STONE AGE and METAL AGES depending on the type of materials and technology used in those times.

STONE AGE

NEOLITHIC

PALAEOLITHIC

MESOLITHIC

• Beginning of human history.
• People were hunter-gatherers (they moved around to find animals and plants to eat).
• Housing was temporary (They lived in caves or huts).
• They made tools with stone, bone and wood.
• People learned to use fire.
• They produced artwork (Altamira Cave Paintings).

• The beginning of sedentary life.
• People cultivated crops and domesticated animals.
• Villages formed near sources of water.
• They made farming tools with stone and wood.
• They made pottery for storage.

• A gradual process, a transition period between the Palaeolithic and the Neolithic.
• Stone tools cut and polished.

metal AGEs

copper age

iron age

bronze age

• The main change was the discovery of metals and their uses.
• The discovery of copper resulted in stronger weapons and tools.
• People divided up tasks in their community (farmers produced food, metal workers made tools and weapons).

• People made better quality weapons and tools using iron.
• They used gold and silver to make coins and jewellery.
• Owing metal showed a higher level of wealth.
• They built larger settlements of houses with large forts for protection.

• People learnt to melt and shape bronze.
• Bronze weapons were stronger than copper weapons.

Pre-roman peoples On the iberian peninsula

The Iberian Peninsula was inhabited by different tribes during the Metal Ages: the CELTS and the IBERIANS.

the celts

• The Celts spread across Europe during the Iron Age.
• On the Iberian Peninsula, they lived in the north-west and central areas.
• They lived in rural communities. Fortified villages (castros) were built on hills. They lived in round houses made of stone and straw.
• They produced their own food through farming and rearing animals.
• They were famous for their fierce warrior culture.
• They were excellent metalworkers.
• Archaeologists have found many Celtic structures and artefacts (coins, jewellery and sculptures i.e. Los Toros de Guisando).

the iberians

• The Iberians inhabited the east and south-east of the Iberian Peninsula, starting from the Bronze Age.
• They were farmers and worked with metals. They also traded goods with other Mediterranean cultures.
• They lived in urban settlements. They built villages with streets of stone, rectangular buildings on hills with a watchtower for extra protection.
• They created great sculptures like the Dama de Elche and the Toro de Osuna.
• They used large rocks to construct megaliths for burials (Cueva de Menga in Antequera, Málaga and the taulas on the Islas Baleares)