NOx PRESENTATION

NITROGEN OXIDE POLLUTION

PRESENTATION BY DWITI AND PURVA

What is Nitrogen oxide

Nitrogen Oxides are a family of poisonous, usually brown in colour, highly reactive gases. These gases form when fuel is burned at high temperatures. NOx pollution is emitted by automobiles, trucks and various non-road vehicles (e.g., construction equipment, boats, etc.)

How is Nitrogen Oxide is formed

Nitrogen oxides are produced from the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen gases in the air during combustion, especially at high temperatures. At normal temperatures, oxygen and nitrogen gases do not react together. Most nitrogen oxides are formed in the car engines which pollutes the environment when given out. Nitrogen is usually unreactive, but the high temperature and pressure inside the engine causes nitroge and oxigen to combine.Formation of nitric oxide: N2(g) + O2(g) --------> 2NO₂(g) Formation of nitrogen dioxide: N₂(g) + 2O₂(g) --------> 2NO₂(g)

NATURAL SOURCES

Lighting Bolts A natural source of nitrogen oxides occurs from a lightning stroke. The very high temperature in the vicinity of a lightning bolt causes the gases oxygen and nitrogen in the air to react to form nitric oxide. N2+O2⟶NO(1) The nitric oxide very quickly reacts with more oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide. NO+O2⟶NO2(2) Both of the nitrogen compounds are known collectively as nitrogen oxides or NOx .

HUMAN SOURCES

At normal temperatures the oxygen and nitrogen gases do not react together. In the presence of very high temperatures nitrogen and oxygen do react together to form nitric oxide. These conditions are found in the combustion of coal and oil at electric power plants which is an example of formation of nitrogen oxides. Coal and oil, two major fossil fuels, contain nitrogen. When these fuels are burnt to generate electricity, the produce a type of NOx known specifically as fuel NOx.

EFFECT OF NOx

- Nitrogen dioxide can cause acid rain, the nitrogen dioxide reacts with oxygen in the presence of rainwater to form a solution of nitric acid. Nitrous oxide and nitric oxide are not acidic, but nitric oxide can be easily converted into nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere. 2NO(g) + O₂(g) ---------> 2NO₂(g) - Nitrogen oxides from car exhausts can combine with hydrocarbons and other compounds in the atmosphere to form smog, a smoky fog. Smog often takes a long time to clear and often traps other particulates in it. This harmful mixture of gases and particulates causes irritation in the throat and nose. - High levels of nitrogen oxides have been linked to certain medical conditions such as asthama.

Acid rain is responsible for severe environmental destruction across the world and occurs most commonly in the North Eastern United States, Eastern Europe and increasingly in parts of China and India.

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REDUCTION OF NOx

The following is one of the way from which NOx can be reduced. - By adding combustion modifications. ( It means any change to the configuration of the burners or the firing method or mechanism of any combustion equipment for the purpose of reducing the emissions of nitrogen oxides)

ThAnK yOu :)