U2 & U3_The Economy

THE ECONOMY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Primary sector

Sectors of economy

Tertiary sector

Secondary sector

SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY

The economy is the system of using resources, buying and selling.

Manufactured products are raw materials transformed.

Raw materials are the ones get from nature., such as fruit, cotton, wood and natural gas.

THE THREE SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY

PRIMARY SECTOR: provides raw materials from nature. - Agriculture - Cattle industry - Fishing - Mining - Forestry

SECONDARY SECTOR: processes raw materials and provides manufactured products. The products are manufactered in factories and workshops.

TERTIARY SECTOR (SERVICE SECTOR): provides a variety of services. It is made up of businesses that offer manufactured products and services to consumers. - Health - Education - Trade - Culture - Tourism - Administration - Public safety - Communications -Transportation - Judicial system - Skilled jobs

PRIMARY SECTOR

AGRICULTURE

Agriculture is the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock.

Livestock farming is the raising of animals for food (meat, milk, eggs) and non-food products (wool, leather).

Arable farming produces crops for food and other products

EXTENSIVE FARMING

DRY FARMING

INTENSIVE FARMING

IRRIGATED FARMING

FISHING

Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.

COASTAL FISHING: near the coast. - Fishermen use small boats and traditional methods. - They return to the port at the end of the day.

DEEP-SEA FISHING: far from the coast. - Fisherman often work for weeks or months on large ships. - The ships have refrigeration systems to keep the fish cold.

MINING

Mining is the extraction of rocks and minerals from the ground.

UNDERGROUND MINES: miners work deep under the ground, in shafts, tunnels and caves.

OPENCAST MINES and QUARRIES: miners work in large open air pits to extract coal and minerals that are close to the Earth´s surface.

FORESTRY

Forestry is the use of forests to obtain plant products, such as wood, cork, cellulose and resin.

SECONDARY SECTOR

The secondary sector uses raw materials to produce manufactured products. Industries in the secondary sector can be classified by the types of products that they produce.

CONSUMER PRODUCTS

INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS

Products thar are sold directly to consumer. E.g. Food industry processes products from farming and fishing, and transform them into consumer products.

Products that are used by other industries. Eg. Steel industry converts iron into steel, which is used to make other products, such as cars and buses.

ENERGY SOURCES

Factories need energy to transform raw materials into products.

NON-RENEWABLE ENERGIES - They come from non-renewable sources, such as coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear energy. - These sources are limited.

RENEWABLE ENERGIES- They come from renewable sources, such as sunlight, water or wind. - These sources are unlimited.

TERTIARY SECTOR

The tertiary sector provides a variety of services. It is made up of businesses that offer manufactured products and services to consumers. - Healthcare - Education - Trade - Culture - Tourism - Administration - Judicial - Public safety - Skilled jobs - Banking - Restaurants - Communications -Transportation system

A consumer is everyone who uses a service or buys consumer products. It is important to be a reponsible consumer and we should only consume the products and services that we really need.

TASK: write jobs for the different areas named.

Healthcare

Public safety

Culture

Trade

Transports

Skilled jobs

TRANSPORT

The transport industry moves passengers and products from one place to another.

WATER TRANSPORT

RAIL TRANSPORT

AIR TRANSPORT

ROAD TRANSPORT

TOURISM

The tourist industry provides accommodation and entertainment for tourists.

There are different types of tourism:

• Beach tourism.
• Cultural tourism.
• Rural tourism.
• Adventure or sports tourism.

RETAIL

Retail is the selling of products to consumers.

Supermarkets

Hypermarkets

Specialised shops

ADVERTISING

- Aggressive advertisements are used to get the consumer´s attention, as many companies offer the same products or services. They must compete with each other for sales.

- There are many ways to advertise products and servicies: on television, on the Internet, in newspapers ,in magazines, on billboards...

- Advertisement tell consumers about a product or a service

- Many people consume more products and services than they really need. By being responsible consumers we control our use of products and services, and we save energy and limited resources.

TERTIARY SECTOR IN SPAIN

- More than 74% of the people work in the tertiary sector. - Of those people, about 11% work in the tourism industry (most of them in hotels or in bars and restaurants). - About 25% of the people who work in the tertiary sector do aministrative jobs, this includes bank clerks and secretaries.

TERTIARY SECTOR IN EU

- The tertiary sector is an essential sector for the economy of the EU. - The most common economic activities are: public services, trade and business services, information technology, and communications. - There´s a lot of trade between EU members because of small time differencies, transport and economic links between the countries (common currency, euro). - The European Environment Agency (EEA) promotes responsible consumtion in the EU. -