discrimination infographic

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Studies

Using a sample of 340 African-American, Latino, Asian and biracial adolescents; online survey data from study one revealed the table below.

Another study found that reports of direct racial discrimination increased across the three time periods. Minority youth perceived an average of less than one incident at the first time period, one incident the second year, and slightly more than one incident at the third.

Context of the Studies

Are adolescents discriminated against more due to ethnic background, age, race, gender, etc more online than offline?

Context:

INFOGRAPHIC

Online

Discrimination

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The contexts for online discrimination were examined. The most frequent contexts for these experiences were social networking sites like Facebook and text messaging. Because researchers noted shifts in the popularity of online contexts among participants in interview data, specific sites (e.g., Tumblr, Twitter and YouTube) were assessed for the third time point. Twenty-one percent of minority youth indicated that they had experienced online discrimination on Twitter and YouTube.

The most common direct discriminatory incident across the three years was “People have shown me a racist image online.” The most common vicarious discriminatory incident across the three waves was “I have witnessed people saying mean or rude things about another person’s ethnic group online.” Discrimination Items Time 1 (percent) Time 2 (percent) Time 3 (percent) People have said mean or rude things about me because of my race or ethnic group 28 34 36 People have shown me a racist image online 32 46 50 People have cracked jokes about people of my race or ethnic group online 48 55 60 People have said things that were untrue about people in my race or ethnic group 46 56 55 I have witnessed people saying mean or rude things about another person’s ethnic group online 55 60 58 People have excluded me from a site because of my race or ethnic group online 9 9 13 People have threatened me online with violence because of my race or ethnic group 10 7 13

The results suggested that vicarious racial discrimination increased across the three waves. Gender, race and age differences were examined in direct and vicarious discrimination over the three time points. The results indicated no gender differences in either direct or vicarious discrimination in any of the three years. There were no age differences in individual racial discrimination at time two. However, middle to late adolescents perceived more vicarious discrimination than their early adolescent counterparts. There were no age differences in direct or vicarious discrimination at time three.

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Implication of online discrimination towards adolescense's mental health

Reports on experiences of online descrimintaion

Participants of the studies reported six primary types of experiences:1. Racial labels.2. Statements that were untrue, stereotyping and implicitly racist statements.3. Racist jokes.4. Symbols of hate, such as the Confederate flag.5. Threats of physical harm or death.6. Graphic representations/actual images of dead black bodies.

This online descirmination contributes to the racial discrimination that adolescents are potentially exposed to, but average internet users may also be more likely to engage in discriminatory behaviors online . Given the perception of privacy online, perpetrators can feel as though they are in a large crowd of others with a low likelihood of identification, which arguably leads to less self-monitoring when expressing beliefs.

How do we prevent discrimination online?

While we may not be able to completely get rid of discrimination online, we can do the list bellow to lessen the discrimination online: 1. Educate yourselve2. Raise awareness3. Don’t discriminate against others online4. Report the person5. Remind them6. Don’t respond to people discriminating against you

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Moreover, research has shown that adolescents may be more likely to engage in discriminatory behaviors when they perceive they are not being monitored. Given the increasing amount of time that adolescents and young adults spend online, experiences of racial discrimination via the internet have implications for their mental health and other developmental outcomes. Studies show that online racial discrimination is associated with depressive symptoms, anxiety, lower academic motivation and increased problem behavior. Most importantly, online racial discrimination contributes uniquely to adjustment outcomes over and above offline experiences.

• 1. Educate yourselves;To prevent yourself from misunderstanding or spreading false information about another person’s ethic group, you must understand exactly what it is.
• 2. Raise awareness; Raise awareness to the people around you about online discrimination, nothing will be done if you ignore the problem.
• 3. Don’t discriminate against others online; remember that just because others have said things - it does not mean that it is right.
• 4. Report the person; report/flag the person on social media if you can.
• 5. Remind them; if the person does not seem to be intentionally discriminating against the group - you should remind them why they should not say offensive words.
• 6. Don’t respond to people discriminating against you; these people want you to respond.